le LE the described non-veridical descriptor: the one(s) described as ... 1 .i I sentence link sentence link/continuation; continuing sentences on same topic; normally elided for new speakers 2 mi KOhA3 me pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s); identified by self-vocative 3 cu CU selbri separator elidable marker: separates selbri from preceding sumti, allows preceding terminator elision 4 nu NU event abstract abstractor: generalized event abstractor; x1 is state/process/achievement/activity of [bridi] 5 do KOhA3 you pro-sumti: you listener(s); identified by vocative 6 la LA that named name descriptor: the one(s) called ... ; takes name or selbri description 7 se SE 2nd conversion 2nd conversion; switch 1st/2nd places 8 lo LE the really is veridical descriptor: the one(s) that really is(are) ... 9 lu LU quote start grammatical quotation; quoted text should be grammatical on its own 10 li'u LIhU end quote elidable terminator: end grammatical quotation; seldom elidable except at end of text 11 coi COI greetings vocative: greetings/hello 12 na NA bridi negator bridi contradictory negator; scope is an entire bridi; logically negates in some cmavo compounds 13 cusku cus sku express x1 (agent) expresses/says x2 (sedu'u/text/lu'e concept) for audience x3 via expressive medium x4 [also says]; (cf. bacru, tavla, casnu, spuda, cmavo list cu'u, bangu, dapma, jufra, pinka) 14 be BE link sumti sumti link to attach sumti (default x2) to a selbri; used in descriptions 15 gi'e GIhA bridi and logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought and 16 sei SEI discursive bridi start discursive (metalinguistic) bridi 17 ca PU during time tense relation/direction: is [selbri]; during/simultaneous with [sumti]; present tense 18 ro PA4 each digit/number: each, all 19 ma KOhA7 sumti ? pro-sumti: sumti question (what/who/how/why/etc.); appropriately fill in sumti blank 20 go'i GOhA last bridi pro-bridi: preceding bridi; in answer to a yes/no question, repeats the claim, meaning yes 21 noi NOI incidental clause non-restrictive relative clause; attaches subordinate bridi with incidental information 22 ku'i UI3b however discursive: however/but/in contrast (cf. karbi, dukti, nalpanra) 23 nai NAI negate last word attached to cmavo to negate them; various negation-related meanings 24 fi FA 3rd sumti place sumti place tag: tag 3rd sumti place 25 lei LE the mass described non-veridical descriptor: the mass of individual(s) described as ... 26 kei KEI end abstraction elidable terminator: end abstraction bridi (often elidable) 27 da KOhA1 something 1 logically quantified existential pro-sumti: there exists something 1 (usually restricted) 28 .a A sumti or logical connective: sumti afterthought or 29 du'u NU bridi abstract abstractor: predication/bridi abstractor; x1 is predication [bridi] expressed in sentence x2 30 xu UI6 true-false ? discursive: true-false question 31 pu PU before time tense relation/direction: did [selbri]; before/prior to [sumti]; default past tense 32 ko KOhA3 imperative pro-sumti: you (imperative); make it true for you, the listener 33 bu BU word to lerfu convert any single word to BY 34 .e A sumti and logical connective: sumti afterthought and 35 ka NU property abstract abstractor: property/quality abstractor (-ness); x1 is quality/property exhibited by [bridi] 36 ba PU after time tense relation/direction: will [selbri]; after [sumti]; default future tense 37 je JA tanru and logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought and 38 loi LE the mass really is veridical descriptor: the mass of individual(s) that is(are) ... 39 zo ZO 1-word quote quote next word only; quotes a single Lojban word (not a cmavo compound or tanru) 40 doi DOI vocative marker generic vocative marker; identifies intended listener; elidable after COI 41 poi NOI restrictive clause restrictive relative clause; attaches subordinate bridi with identifying information to a sumti 42 mutce tce much x1 is much/extreme in property x2 (ka), towards x3 extreme/direction; x1 is, in x2, very x3[also very, pretty, a lot, immoderate/immoderately, intense, quite, extremely]; (cf. milxe, traji, banli, carmi, nutli, traji) 43 je'e COI roger vocative: roger (ack) - negative acknowledge; used to acknowledge offers and thanks 44 te SE 3rd conversion 3rd conversion; switch 1st/3rd places 45 di'u KOhA2 last utterance pro-sumti: the last utterance 46 no PA1 0 digit/number: 0 (digit) [zero] 47 pa PA1 1 digit/number: 1 (digit) [one] 48 bo BO short scope link short scope joiner; joins various constructs with shortest scope and right grouping 49 pe GOI restrictive phrase restrictive relative phrase marker: which is associated with ...; loosest associative/possessive 50 vi VA here at location tense distance: here at ... ; at or a very short/tiny distance from ... 51 co'a ZAhO initiative interval event contour: at the starting point of ...; initiative >|< | 52 fa FA 1st sumti place sumti place tag: tag 1st sumti place 53 la'e LAhE the referent of the referent of (indirect pointer); uses the referent of a sumti as the desired sumti 54 ke KE start grouping start grouping of tanru, etc; ... type of ... ; overrides normal tanru left grouping 55 ka'e CAhA innately capable of modal aspect: innate capability; possibly unrealized 56 .u'i UI1 amusement attitudinal: amusement - weariness (cf. selzdi, selxajmi, xalbo) 57 klama kla come x1 comes/goes to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 using means/vehicle x5[also travels, journeys, moves, leaves to ... from ...; x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)]; (cf. cadzu, bajra, marce, vofli, litru, muvdu, cpare, cmavo list ka'a, pluta, bevri, farlu, limna, vitke) 58 re PA1 2 digit/number: 2 (digit) [two] 59 ku KU end sumti elidable terminator: end description, modal, or negator sumti; often elidable 60 zvati zva at x1 (object/event) is at/attending/present at x2 (event/location)[refers to a nonce location for an object/activity that is mobile]; (cf. especially stuzi for an inherent/inalienable location, jbini, nenri, se vasru, cpana, diklo, jibni, cabna, lamji, tcini, xabju, jmive, jundi, vitke) 61 li LI the number the number/evaluated expression; convert number/operand/evaluated math expression to sumti 62 ko'a KOhA4 it-1 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #1 (specified by goi) 63 cmalu cma small x1 is small in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3(cf. caxno, cinla, jarki, tordu, barda) 64 ki'u BAI because of reason krinu modal, 1st place (justified by) justifiably; because of reason ... 65 co'o COI partings vocative: partings/good-bye 66 tu'a LAhE the bridi implied by extracts a concrete sumti from an unspecified abstraction; equivalent to le nu/su'u [sumti] co'e 67 .ui UI1 happiness attitudinal: happiness - unhappiness (cf. gleki) 68 tavla tav ta'a talk x1 talks/speaks to x2 about subject x3 in language x4[not limited to vocal speech, but this is implied by the x4 without context of some other medium of conversation (use cusku, casnu, skicu, ciksi for weaker implication of vocal communication); converse/discuss/chat (= simta'a, simsku, vricysimta'a for a conversation not clearly delimited by subject)]; (cf. bacru, cusku for actual expression, casnu, darlu, skicu, ciksi, bangu) 69 .ei UI1 obligation attitudinal: obligation - freedom (cf. bilga, zifre) 70 viska vis vi'a see x1 sees/views/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3[also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "see" often means "look" or a more generic "observe", or even "understand, know"]; (cf. catlu, jvinu, kanla, minra, simlu, djuno, jimpe, zgana, ganse) 71 zi ZI short time time tense distance: instantaneous-to-short distance in time 72 drata dat other x1 isn't the-same-thing-as/is different-from/other-than x2 by standard x3; x1 is something else(cf. mintu, frica) 73 ni'o NIhO new topic discursive: paragraph break; introduce new topic 74 pensi pes pei think x1 thinks/considers/cogitates/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/concept x2[also: x1 is thoughtful (one sense); x2 is mental (one sense)/intellectual (one sense) (= selpei)]; (cf. cmavo list pe'i, jijnu, menli, morji, sidbo, jinvi, se nabmi, minra, lanli, besna, saske, skami) 75 djuno jun ju'o know x1 knows fact(s) x2 (du'u) about subject x3 by epistemology x4[words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place; know how to - implying knowledge of method but not necessarily having the ability to practice (= tadjyju'o)] (cf. know/familiar with: se slabu, na'e cnino, na'e fange; cmavo list du'o, cilre, certu, facki, jijnu, jimpe, senpi, smadi, kakne, birti, mipri, morji, saske, viska) 76 ri KOhA5 last sumti pro-sumti: the last sumti, as determined by back-counting rules 77 catlu cta look x1 looks at/examines/views/inspects/regards/watches/gazes at x2[also look through (= grecta, ravycta, bacycta); note that English "look" often means a more generic "observe"]; (cf. jvinu, minra, simlu, viska, lanli, zgana, setca, viska) 78 to TO start parenthesis left parenthesis; start of parenthetical note which must be grammatical Lojban text 79 lo'e LE the typical veridical descriptor: the typical one(s) who really is(are) ... 80 na'e NAhE scalar contrary contrary scalar negator: other than ...; not ...; a scale or set is implied 81 nelci nel nei fond x1 is fond of/likes/has a taste for x2 (object/state)(cf. cinmo, djica, pluka, prami, rigni, sinma, trina, xebni, cuxna, pendo) 82 barda bra big x1 is big/large in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3(cf. banli, clani, ganra, condi, plana, cmalu, rotsu, banro, xanto) 83 mo GOhA bridi ? pro-bridi: bridi/selbri/brivla question 84 ji'a UI3b in addition discursive: additionally (cf. jmina) 85 djica dji desire x1 desires/wants/wishes x2 (event/state) for purpose x3[if desire is for an object, this is sumti-raising; use tu'a in x2 (or use lujvo = po'edji)]; (cf. taske, xagji, mukti, nitcu, nelci, pacna, prami, rigni, trina, xebni, xlura) 86 gunka gun gu'a work x1 [person] labors/works on/at x2 [activity] with goal/objective x3[also: x1 is a worker/laborer]; (cf. sazri, gasnu, se jibri; zukte - which need not be labor; physics term 'work' = ni muvyselbai, briju, jibri, lazni, selfu) 87 toi TOI end parenthesis elidable terminator: right parenthesis/end unquote; seldom elidable except at end of text 88 tai BAI in form tamsmi modal, 1st place (like)/(in manner 2) resembling ...; sharing ideal form ... (x1 resembles x2 sharing ideal form/shape x3 in property x4) 89 ba'e BAhE emphasize next forethought emphasis indicator; indicates next word is especially emphasized 90 cliva liv li'a leave x1 leaves/goes away/departs/parts/separates from x2 via route x3[also: x1 leaves behind/takes leave of x2]; (cf. litru. canci, vimcu, lebna, litru, muvdu) 91 ca'o ZAhO continuative interval event contour: during ...; continuative |-----| 92 moi MOI ordinal selbri convert number to ordinal selbri; x1 is (n)th member of set x2 ordered by rule x3 93 .oi UI1 complaint attitudinal: complaint - pleasure (cf. pante, pluka, kufra) 94 fo FA 4th sumti place sumti place tag: tag 4th sumti place 95 pilno pli use x1 uses/employs x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting entity, material] for purpose x3[also utilize; x2 is useful/used productively by x1 to do x3 (= selpli for reordered places); hire/employ (= le'ipli, lejyplicu'a)]; (cf. tutci, cabra, minji, gasnu, zukte for x2, cmavo list pi'o, sazri, jibri) 96 ta KOhA6 that there pro-sumti: that there; nearby demonstrative it; indicated thing/place near listener 97 cmene cme me'e name x1 (quoted word(s)) is a/the name/title/tag of x2 to/used-by namer/name-user x3 (person)[also: x2 is called x1 by x3 (= selcme for reordered places)]; (cf. cmavo list me'e, gismu, tcita, valsi, judri) 98 va'o BAI under conditions vanbi modal, 1st place (conditions 1) under conditions ...; in environment ... 99 jimpe jmi understand x1 understands/comprehends fact/truth x2 (du'u) about subject x3; x1 understands (fi) x3(cf. djuno, jijnu, morna, smuni, saske, viska) 100 co CO tanru inversion tanru inversion operator; "... of type ..."; allows modifier trailing sumti without sumti links 101 .ua UI1 discovery attitudinal: discovery - confusion/searching (cf. facki, cfipu, sisku) 102 prenu pre person x1 is a person/people (noun) [not necessarily human]; x1 displays personality/a persona(cf. nanmu, ninmu, remna, zukte, sevzi) 103 roi ROI quantified tense converts number to an objectively quantified tense interval modifier; defaults to time tense 104 co'e GOhA unspecif bridi elliptical/unspecified bridi relationship 105 me ME sumti to selbri convert sumti to selbri/tanru element; x1 is specific to [sumti] in aspect x2 106 ra KOhA5 recent sumti pro-sumti: a recent sumti before the last one, as determined by back-counting rules 107 sai CAI strong emotion attitudinal: moderate intensity attitude modifier 108 zo'o UI5 humorously attitudinal modifier: humorously - dully - seriously (cf. xajmi, junri) 109 kau UI3a indirect question discursive: marks word serving as focus of indirect question: "I know WHO went to the store" 110 pei CAI emotion ? attitudinal: attitudinal question; how do you feel about it? with what intensity? 111 troci toc toi try x1 tries/attempts/makes an effort to do/attain x2 (event/state/property) by actions/method x3[also experiments at]; (cf. fliba, snada, cipra) 112 ba'o ZAhO perfective interval event contour: in the aftermath of ...; since ...; perfective | |---- 113 xamgu xag xau good x1 (object/event) is good/beneficial/nice/[acceptable] for x2 by standard x3[acceptable (= mlixau, norxau, xaurselcru)]; (cf. melbi, xlali, vrude, zabna) 114 joi JOI in a mass with non-logical connective: mixed conjunction; "and" meaning "mixed together", forming a mass 115 kumfa kum ku'a room x1 is a room of/in structure x2 surrounded by partitions/walls/ceiling/floor x3 (mass/jo'u)[also chamber]; (cf. bitmu, canlu, zdani) 116 ve SE 4th conversion 4th conversion; switch 1st/4th places 117 ki'a UI6 textual confusion attitudinal question: confusion about something said (cf. cfipu, kucli) 118 pe'i UI2 I opine evidential: I opine (subjective claim) (cf. jinvi) 119 citka cti eat x1 eats/ingests/consumes (transitive verb) x2(cf. cidja, pinxe, tunlo, xagji, xaksu, batci, gusta, kabri) 120 valsi val vla word x1 is a word meaning/causing x2 in language x3; (adjective: x1 is lexical/verbal)(cf. slaka, bangu, cmavo, cmene, gismu, jufra, rafsi, smuni) 121 tirna tin hear x1 hears x2 against background/noise x3; x2 is audible; (adjective:) x1 is aural(cf. kerlo, sance, smaji, savru, voksa, ganse, zgana) 122 ja'e BAI therefore result jalge modal, 1st place resultingly; therefore result ... 123 .ue UI1 surprise attitudinal: surprise - not really surprised - expectation (cf. spaji) 124 mei MOI cardinal selbri convert number to cardinality selbri; x1 is the mass formed from set x2 whose n member(s) are x3 125 sutra sut fast x1 is fast/swift/quick/hastes/rapid at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state)(cf. masno) 126 so'i PA4 many digit/number: many 127 ju'o UI5 certainty attitudinal modifier: certainty - uncertainty - impossibility (cf. birti, cumki) 128 zdani zda nest x1 is a nest/house/lair/den/[home] of/for x2[home (= tercnizda), house (constructed building) (= zdadi'u)]; (cf. dinju, ginka, kumfa, se xabju) 129 facki fak fa'i discover x1 discovers/finds out x2 (du'u) about subject/object x3; x1 finds (fi) x3 (object)(cf. cirko, djuno, jijnu, smadi, sisku) 130 ciska ci'a write x1 inscribes/writes x2 on display/storage medium x3 with writing implement x4; x1 is a scribe[also x3 writing surface]; (cf. papri, penbi, pinsi, tcidu, xatra, pixra, prina, finti for 'author' or specific authorial works, barna, pinka) 131 ti KOhA6 this here pro-sumti: this here; immediate demonstrative it; indicated thing/place near speaker 132 stedu sed head x1 is a/the head [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: uppermost portion][skull (= sedbo'u)]; (cf. drudi, mebri, xedja, besna, flira, mapku) 133 pluta lut lu'a route x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set)[a route merely connects origin/destination, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)]; (cf. litru, naxle, tcana, dargu, klaji, ve klama; tadji, zukte for means to a goal, klama, pagre) 134 ke'a KOhA7 relativized it pro-sumti: relativized sumti (object of relative clause) 135 mu'i BAI because of motive mukti modal, 1st place because of motive ... 136 nenri ner ne'i in x1 is in/inside/within x2; x1 is on the inside/interior of x2 [totally within the bounds of x2][indicates total containment]; (cf. se vasru (for containment that need not be total), jbini, zvati, cpana, sruri, senta, snuji, bartu, diklo, jibni, jinru, setca) 137 .ie UI1 agreement attitudinal: agreement - disagreement (cf. tugni) 138 cizra ciz strange x1 is strange/weird/deviant/bizarre/odd to x2 in property x3 (ka)[also alien, mysterious, deviant, queer, unusual, exotic]; (cf. ranxi, rirci, fange, banli) 139 ractu rabbit x1 is a rabbit/hare/[doe] of species/breed x2(cf. mabru, kerlo) 140 xruti xru return x1 (agent) returns x2 to origin/earlier state x3 from x4; x1 moves/gives x2 back to x3 from x4[x2 goes back/[retreats] to x3 (= se'ixru for agent self-returning to a previous location/situation: renumber places in the lujvo); (x3 may be a location or a person or an event/situation; the latter may also be expressed with krefu or rapli and a causative like rinka/rikygau)]; (cf. benji, krefu, rapli, rinka) 141 simlu mlu seem x1 seems/appears to have property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4[also: x1 seems like it has x2 to x3; suggest belief/observation (= mlugau, mluti'i); looks like/resembles (= smimlu, mitmlu)]; (cf. catlu, viska, simsa, zgana, ganse, jarco) 142 ci PA1 3 digit/number: 3 (digit) [three] 143 drani dra correct x1 is correct/proper/right/perfect in property/aspect x2 (ka) in situation x3 by standard x4(cf. srera, mapti) 144 di'a ZAhO resumptitive event contour for resumption of a paused process 145 gi GI connective medial logical connective: all but tanru-internal forethought connective medial marker 146 voksa vok vo'a voice x1 is a voice/speech sound of individual x2(cf. sance, tirna, bacru) 147 jitfa jif false x1 (du'u) is false/is an untruth by standard/epistemology/metaphysics x2[words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. fatci, stace, jetnu, cfika) 148 ze'a ZEhA medium time interval time tense interval: a medium length of time 149 tsali tsa strong x1 is strong/powerful/[tough] in property/quality x2 (ka) by standard x3(cf. ralci, ruble, carmi, vlipa) 150 krixa kix ki'a cry out x1 cries out/yells/howls sound x2; x1 is a crier(cf. klaku, bacru) 151 dukse dus du'e excess x1 is an excess of/too much of x2 by standard x3[cloying (= maldu'e, tolpu'adu'e)]; (cf. bancu, banzu, ricfu, zmadu) 152 jundi jud ju'i attentive x1 is attentive towards/attends/tends/pays attention to object/affair x2(cf. kurji, zvati) 153 tcidu tid read x1 [agent] reads x2 [text] from surface/document/reading material x3; x1 is a reader(cf. ciska, cukta, karni) 154 dei KOhA2 this utterance pro-sumti: this utterance 155 jinvi jiv ji'i opine x1 thinks/opines x2 [opinion] (du'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on grounds x4[words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] (cf. cmavo list pe'i, ciksi, jijnu, nabmi, pensi, senpi, sidbo, birti, pinka) 156 preti ret rei question x1 (quoted text) is a question/query about subject x2 by questioner x3 to audience x4(cf. nabmi, danfu, ciksi, frati, spuda, cpedu) 157 za'i NU1 state abstract abstractor: state (event) abstractor; x1 is continuous state of [bridi] being true 158 ponse pos po'e possess x1 possesses/owns/has x2 under law/custom x3; x1 is owner/proprietor of x2 under x3(x3 is generally more important to the concept than commonly accepted for the English equivalent, since the concept is broader when unconstrained, and the nature/interpretation of possession/ownership is very culturally dependent); (cf. ckini, ralte, jitro, steci, srana, tutra, turni, zivle) 159 sipna sip sleep x1 is asleep (adjective); x1 sleeps/is sleeping(cf. senva, tatpi, cikna, sanji) 160 zoi ZOI non-Lojban quote delimited non-Lojban quotation; the result treated as a block of text 161 bacru ba'u utter x1 utters verbally/says/phonates/speaks [vocally makes sound] x2[also voices; does not necessarily imply communication or audience; ('says' is usually cusku)]; (cf. krixa, cusku, casnu, tavla, voksa, pinka) 162 to'e NAhE polar opposite polar opposite scalar negator 163 mlatu lat cat x1 is a cat/[puss/pussy/kitten] [feline animal] of species/breed x2; (adjective:) x1 is feline(cf. cinfo, tirxu, gerku) 164 zo'u ZOhU end prenex marks end of logical prenex quantifiers/topic identification and start of sentence bridi 165 skami sam computer x1 is a computer for purpose x2(cf. kanji, minji, pensi) 166 xabju xa'u dwell x1 dwells/lives/resides/abides at/inhabits/is a resident of location/habitat/nest/home/abode x2(cf. ginka, zdani, zvati, stuzi, jmive, stali, vitke) 167 fasnu fau event x1 (event) is an event that happens/occurs/takes place; x1 is an incident/happening/occurrence(cf. cmavo list fau, krefu, lifri, fatci, rapli; gasnu, zukte, if specifically agentive, banli) 168 melbi mel mle beautiful x1 is beautiful/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4[also handsome, pretty, gorgeous, cute, comely, graceful]; (cf. pluka, xamgu) 169 mo'u ZAhO completive interval event contour: at the natural ending point of ...; completive | >|< 170 zukte zuk zu'e act x1 is a volitional entity employing means/taking action x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3[also acting at, undertaking, doing; agentive cause with volition/purpose; also x3 objective, end]; (cf. cmavo list zu'e, bapli, gunka, jalge, krinu, mukti, rinka, snuti, gasnu, fasnu, minji, prenu, ciksi, jibri, pilno, pluta, tadji, tutci) 171 kakne ka'e able x1 is able to do/be/capable of doing/being x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 (event/state)[also: has talent; know how to; know how to use (= plika'e)]; (cf. stati, certu, gasnu (in the time-free potential sense), cmavo list ka'e, cmavo list nu'o, cmavo list pu'i, djuno, zifre) 172 lojbo lob jbo Lojbanic x1 reflects [Loglandic]/Lojbanic language/culture/nationality/community in aspect x2[pre-Lojban forms of Loglan (= dzejbo)] (cf. bangu, logji) 173 smacu mouse x1 is a mouse of species/breed x2(cf. ratcu) 174 ja'a NA bridi affirmer bridi logical affirmer; scope is an entire bridi 175 fe FA 2nd sumti place sumti place tag: tag 2nd sumti place 176 noroi ROI* never tense interval modifier: never; objectively quantified tense; defaults as time tense 177 du GOhA same identity as identity selbri; = sign; x1 identically equals x2, x3, etc.; attached sumti refer to same thing 178 pi PA3 decimal point digit/number: radix (number base) point; default decimal 179 be'o BEhO end linked sumti elidable terminator: end linked sumti in specified description 180 spuda spu reply x1 answers/replies to/responds to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response x3[x3 also answer/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that person/object doing something. "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is doing];(cf. cusku, preti, nabmi, danfu, frati, cpedu) 181 lisri lis story x1 is a story/tale/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4[also legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts story/tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the author]; (cf. ranmi, cfika, skicu, prosa, pemci) 182 jibni jbi near x1 is near/close to/approximates x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni)(cf. darno, nenri, vanbi, jbini, lamji, zvati, cpana, bartu, diklo, stuzi) 183 .au UI1 desire attitudinal: desire - indifference - reluctance (cf. djica) 184 ru'e CAI weak emotion attitudinal: weak intensity attitude modifier 185 .e'u UI1 suggestion attitudinal: suggestion - abandon suggest - warning (cf. stidi, kajde) 186 sepi'o BAI* using tool pilno modal, 2nd place (instrumental) tool/machine/apparatus/acting entity; using (tool) ... 187 ke'u UI3 repeating discursive: repeating - continuing (cf. refbasna, krefu, rapli, velde'a) 188 mai MAI sentence ordinal utterance ordinal suffix; converts a number to an ordinal, such as an item or paragraph number 189 fa'a FAhA4 towards point location tense relation/direction; arriving at/directly towards ... 190 blabi lab white x1 is white/very-light colored [color adjective][pale forms of other colors are a compound of white; e.g. pink (= labyxu'e, xunblabi) (whereas kandi is used for pale = dimness, lack of intensity)]; (cf. skari, xekri, grusi, kandi, manku, carmi, bakri, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu) 191 simsa smi similar x1 is similar/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/appears like x2[also: x1 is a likeness/image of x2; x1 and x2 are alike; similarity and parallel differ primarily in emphasis]; (cf. dunli, frica, mintu, panra, simlu, vrici) 192 diklo klo local x1 is local to x2; x1 is confined to locus x2 within range x3[indicates a specific location/value within a range; e.g. a hits b. What is the locality on b that a hits? Thus x1 is associated with a specific narrow region/interval x2 of wider space/range x3]; (cf. cmavo list di'o, jibni, zvati, cpana, nenri, lamji, stuzi, tcila) 193 ca'a CAhA actually is modal aspect: actuality/ongoing event 194 zbasu zba make x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3[should not be used to express causation]; (cf. cupra, larcu, rutni, finti, gundi) 195 milxe mli mild x1 is mild/non-extreme/gentle/middling/somewhat in property x2 (ka); x1 is not very x2(cf. mutce, traji, kandi, ruble, midju, nutli, ralci, traji) 196 vorme vor vro door x1 is a doorway/gateway/access way between x2 and x3 of structure x4[note: emphasis on route nature; solid door (= vrogai/vrobi'u/vrozu'itci)]; (cf. canko, ganlo, kalri, murta, pagre, bitmu, kuspe) 197 kanla kal eye x1 is a/the eye [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus]; (adjective:) x1 is ocular[x1 is optic]; (cf. jvinu, kerlo, viska, kumte) 198 ja JA tanru or logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought or 199 cilre cli learn x1 learns x2 (du'u) about subject x3 from source x4 (obj./event) by method x5 (event/process)(cf. ctuca, tadni, djuno, ckule) 200 ni NU amount abstract abstractor: quantity/amount abstractor; x1 is quantity/amount of [bridi] measured on scale x2 201 zutse zut tse sit x1 sits [assumes sitting position] on surface x2(cf. stizu, cpana, vreta) 202 za ZI medium time time tense distance: medium distance in time 203 za'a UI2 I observe evidential: I observe (cf. zgana, lanli) 204 .ai UI1 intent attitudinal: intent - indecision - rejection/refusal (cf. termu'i, terzu'e, seljdi, selcu'a) 205 farlu fal fa'u fall x1 falls/drops to x2 from x3 in gravity well/frame of reference x4[note: things can fall in spin, thrust, or tide as well as gravity; (agentive "drop" = one of two lujvo: falcru and falri'a)] (cf. lafti, cpare, klama, sfubu) 206 gasnu gau do x1 [person/agent] is an agentive cause of event x2; x1 does/brings about x2(cf. cmavo list gau, gunka, zukte, rinka, fasnu for non-agentive events, jibri, kakne, pilno) 207 .uu UI1 pity attitudinal: pity - cruelty (cf. kecti) 208 cevni cev cei god x1 is a/the god/deity of people(s)/religion x2 with dominion over x3 [sphere]; x1 is divine[also divinity; x2 religion refers to the religious community as a mass]; (cf. censa, krici, lijda, malsi) 209 xance xan xa'e hand x1 is a/the hand [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: manipulating tool, waldo][(adjective:) x1 is manual]; (cf. birka, degji, jitro, xlura, jamfu, tamji) 210 re'u ROI ordinal tense converts number to an objectively quantified ordinal tense interval modifier; defaults to time 211 mi'a KOhA3 we, not you pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s) & others unspecified, but not you, the listener 212 cpacu cpa get x1 gets/procures/acquires/obtains/accepts x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not implied][also fetch; accept a gift (= seldu'acpa)]; (cf. punji, lebna, vimcu) 213 sa SA erase utterance erase complete or partial utterance; next word shows how much erasing to do 214 denpa dep de'a wait x1 awaits/waits/pauses for/until x2 at state x3 before starting/continuing x4 (activity/process) [(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: resuming x4]; (cf. dicra, fanmo, sisti, fliba, pandi) 215 jai JAI modal conversion convert tense/modal (tagged) place to 1st place; 1st place moves to extra FA place (fai) 216 ku'o KUhO end relative clause elidable terminator: end NOI relative clause; always elidable, but preferred in complex clauses 217 cu'i CAI neutral emotion attitudinal: neutral scalar attitude modifier 218 djedi dje dei full day x1 is x2 full days in duration (default is 1 day) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal[today (= cabdei); tomorrow (= bavlamdei); yesterday (= prulamdei)]; (cf. donri, detri, jeftu, masti, nanca, nicte, tcika) 219 vimcu vic vi'u remove x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4[also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent]; (cf. lebna, muvdu, cpacu, canci, cliva, jdika) 220 bajra baj run x1 runs on surface x2 using limbs x3 with gait x4(cf. cadzu, klama, litru, stapa, plipe, cpare) 221 pendo ped pe'o friend x1 is/acts as a friend of/to x2 (experiencer); x2 befriends x1(cf. bradi, xendo, nelci, prami, bradi) 222 binxo bix bi'o become x1 becomes/changes/converts/transforms into x2 under conditions x3[resultative, not-necessarily agentive, change]; (cf. cenba for non-resultative, galfi for agentive, stika for non-resultative, non-agentive change; zasni) 223 gleki gek gei happy x1 is happy/gay/merry/glad/gleeful about x2 (event/state)[adversity (= kamnalgei)]; (cf. badri, cinmo) 224 morji moj mo'i remember x1 remembers/recalls/recollects fact(s)/memory x2 (du'u) about subject x3(cf. cmavo list ba'anai, menli, pensi, sanji, djuno, notci) 225 fengu feg fe'u angry x1 is angry/mad at x2 for x3 (action/state/property)(cf. fanza, dunku) 226 djacu jac jau water x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity/expanse of water; (adjective:) x1 is aqueous/[aquatic][aquatic (= jaupli)]; (cf. lalxu, rirxe, xamsi, limna, litki, lumci, bumru, jinto) 227 .a'o UI1 hope attitudinal: hope - despair (cf. pacna) 228 da'i UI3 supposing discursive: supposing - in fact (cf. sruma) 229 ce JOI in a set with non-logical connective: set link, unordered; "and also", but forming a set 230 ge GA fore and logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal and (with gi) 231 zgana zga observe x1 observes/[notices]/watches/beholds x2 using senses/means x3 under conditions x4[behold/watch/gaze (= vi'azga); guard/watchman/sentinel (= zgaku'i, jdeku'i)]; (cf. cmavo list ga'a, ganse, viska, catlu, tirna, pencu, sumne, kurji, canci, catlu, jarco, lanli, pinka, simlu) 232 li'a UI3 clearly discursive: clearly - obscurely (cf. klina) 233 .e'e UI1 competence attitudinal: competence - incompetence/inability (cf. kakne, certu) 234 kansa kan with x1 is with/accompanies/is a companion of x2, in state/condition/enterprise x3 (event/state)[x1 is together with/along with x2] (cf. kagni, jorne, gunma, girzu, lasna) 235 za'u PA3 greater than digit/number: greater than 236 pinka pik comment x1 (text) is a comment/remark/observation about subject x2 expressed by x3 to audience x4[also: x3 comments/remarks/says x1 about x2 (= terselpinka for reordered places)]; (cf. jinvi, cusku, zgana, lanli, bacru, ciska) 237 po'o UI3b uniquely discursive: uniquely, only, solely: the only relevant case (cf. pamei, mulno, frica) 238 bau BAI in language bangu modal, 1st place in language ... 239 banzu baz suffice x1 (object) suffices/is enough/sufficient for purpose x2 under conditions x3(cf. dukse, claxu, nitcu, ricfu, curmi) 240 cinri ci'i interesting x1 (abstraction) interests/is interesting to x2; x2 is interested in x1[use x1 tu'a for non-specific interest in an object; interested in (= selci'i)]; (cf. zdile, kucli, manci, kurji) 241 jmive miv ji'e live x1 lives/is alive by standard x2; x1 is an organism/living thing[(adjective:) x1 is vital, organic]; (cf. lifri, morsi, stuzi, zvati, xabju) 242 zi'e ZIhE rel clause joiner joins relative clauses which apply to the same sumti 243 casnu snu discuss x1(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discuss(es)/talk(s) about topic/subject x2 [also chat, converse]; (cf. bacru, cusku, darlu, tavla) 244 terpa tep te'a fear x1 fears x2; x1 is afraid/scared/frightened by/fearful of x2 (event/tu'a object)[also: x1 feels terror about x2; x2 is fearsome/fearful/frightening/scary to x1 (= selte'a to reorder places)]; (cf. snura, xalni, xanka, virnu) 245 cipni cpi bird x1 is a bird/avian/fowl of species x2(cf. datka, gunse, jipci, nalci, pimlu, vofli, xruki, danlu) 246 traji rai superlative x1 is superlative in property x2 (ka), the x3 extreme (ka; default ka zmadu) among set/range x4[also: x1 is x3-est/utmost in x2 among x4; x1 is the x3 end of x4; x1 is extreme; x1 is simply x3]; (cf. cmavo list rai, jimte, milxe, mutce, note contrast with milxe and mutce rather than with mleca and zmadu, which are values for x3, banli, curve, fanmo, krasi, manfo, prane) 247 cnita nit ni'a beneath x1 is directly/vertically beneath/below/under/underneath/down from x2 in frame of reference x3[also underside, nether]; (cf. dizlo, gapru, galtu, farna, loldi) 248 smuni mun smu meaning x1 is a meaning/interpretation of x2 recognized/seen/accepted by x3[referential meaning (=selsni, snismu)]; (cf. jimpe, sinxa, valsi, tanru, gismu, lujvo, cmavo, jufra) 249 za'o ZAhO superfective interval event contour: continuing too long after natural end of ...; superfective | ----> 250 tadni tad study x1 studies/is a student of x2; x1 is a scholar; (adjective:) x1 is scholarly(cf. ckule, cilre, ctuca) 251 kelci kel kei play x1 [agent] plays with plaything/toy x2[play game (= ci'erkei), play competitively (= jvikei)]; (cf. jivna, jinga, zdile) 252 goi GOI pro-sumti assign sumti assignment; used to define/assign ko'a/fo'a series pro-sumti; Latin 'sive' 253 rinka rik ri'a cause x1 (event/state) effects/physically causes effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3[x1 is a material condition for x2; x1 gives rise to x2]; (cf. gasnu, krinu, nibli, te zukte, se jalge, bapli, jitro, cmavo list ri'a, mukti, ciksi, xruti) 254 smaji sma quiet x1 (source) is quiet/silent/[still] at observation point x2 by standard x3(cf. kerlo, panpi, savru, tirna) 255 ne GOI incidental phrase non-restrictive relative phrase marker: which incidentally is associated with ... 256 de KOhA1 something 2 logically quantified existential pro-sumti: there exists something 2 (usually restricted) 257 rokci rok ro'i rock x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains rock/stone of type/composition x2 from location x3[x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification];(cf. kunra, jemna, canre) 258 mu PA1 5 digit/number: 5 (digit) [five] 259 zasti zat za'i exist x1 exists/is real/actual/reality for x2 under metaphysics x3[words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; [x1 is physical (one sense)]; (cf. fatci, xanri) 260 loldi lol loi floor x1 is a floor/bottom/ground of x2[floor/level/story of a building/edifice (= setloi, dijysenta)]; (cf. bitmu, drudi, dertu, dizlo, cnita, zbepi, sarji, serti) 261 mulno mul mu'o complete x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3 [also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, total, integral, fully, totally, wholly, completely, entirely]; (cf. fanmo, culno, pagbu, xadba, prane, jalge, sumji, munje, sisti, xadni) 262 mlana mla side x1 is to the side of/lateral to x2 and facing x3 from point of view/in-frame-of-reference x4(cf. crane, trixe, pritu, zunle which differ in that the direction of facing is the front and not the lateral side. The x4 of mlana may be either the front, or back side of x2, korbi) 263 zo'e KOhA7 unspecif it pro-sumti: an elliptical/unspecified value; has some value which makes bridi true 264 ta'i BAI by method tadji modal, 1st place (in manner 3) methodically; by method ... 265 su'o PA4 at least digit/number: at least (some); no less than 266 jmina min add x1 adds/combines x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 augments x2 by amount x3(cf. zmadu, banro, sumji, zenba, setca) 267 ko'e KOhA4 it-2 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #2 (specified by goi) 268 mi'o KOhA3 me and you pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s) & you the listener(s) 269 badri dri sad x1 is sad/depressed/dejected/[unhappy/feels sorrow/grief] about x2 (abstraction)(cf. klaku, gleki, betri, cinmo, junri) 270 clani cla long x1 is long in dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by measurement standard x3(cf. slabu, condi, ganra, rotsu, tordu, barda, ganra, gutci, minli, rotsu) 271 vasru vas vau contain x1 contains/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2[also accommodates, container; containment need not be total; x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)]; (cf. bartu, jbini, nenri, zvati, cpana, botpi, lanka) 272 .e'o UI1 request attitudinal: request - negative request (cf. cpedu, pikci) 273 finti fin fi'i invent x1 invents/creates/composes/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/ideas x4[x1 is creative/inventive]; (cf. cmavo list fi'e, ciska, pemci, zbasu, larcu, specific works of authorship, prosa, skina) 274 tonga tog to'a tone x1 is a tone/note of frequency/pitch x2 from source x3(cf. rilti, zgike, janbe, siclu) 275 banli bal ba'i great x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3[indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)]; (cf. barda, nobli, se sinma, pluja, misno, vajni, fasnu, cizra, traji, mutce, se manci) 276 cadzu dzu walk x1 walks/strides/paces on surface x2 using limbs x3(cf. stapa, bajra, klama, litru) 277 carmi cam cai intense x1 is intense/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3 [also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)]; (cf. denmi, gusni, kandi, ruble, skari, tilju, tsali, mutce, blabi, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xekri, xunre, zirpu) 278 pagbu pag pau part x1 is a part/component/piece/portion/segment of x2 [where x2 is a whole/mass]; x2 is partly x1[partly (= selpau)]; (cf. cmavo list pa'u, mulno, xadba, spisa, gunma, rafsi) 279 cai CAI intense emotion attitudinal: strong intensity attitude modifier 280 punji puj pu'i put x1 (agent) puts/places/sets x2 on/at surface/locus x3(cf. cpacu, lebna, cpana, batke, setca) 281 pinxe pix drink x1 (agent) drinks/imbibes beverage/drink/liquid refreshment x2 from/out-of container/source x3(cf. cidja, citka, taske, tunlo, xaksu, barja, birje) 282 jersi je'i chase x1 chases/pursues/(physically) follows after x2; volition is not implied for x1 or x2[x1 follows after x2]; (cf. kavbu, rivbi, kalte, lidne) 283 bevri bev bei carry x1 carries/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter][alienation from x2 to x3 is implied]; (cf. marce, muvdu, benji, klama) 284 ru'a UI2 I postulate evidential: I postulate (cf. sruma) 285 cnino nin ni'o new x1 is new/unfamiliar/novel to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4; x1 is a novelty(cf. nuzba, slabu, citno, se djuno) 286 kevna kev ke'a cavity x1 is a cavity/hole/hollow/cavern in x2; x1 is concave within x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1[also pit, depression, concavity; hollow (= selke'a)]; (cf. fenra, kunti, canlu, canko, galxe, tubnu) 287 je'u UI3 truth discursive: truth - falsity (cf. jetnu) 288 cfipu fi'u confusing x1 (event/state) confuses/baffles x2 [observer] due to [confusing] property x3 (ka)(cf. pluja, cfipu, zunti) 289 cumki cum cu'i possible x1 (event/state/property) is possible under conditions x2; x1 may/might occur; x1 is a maybe[also possibility]; (cf. lakne, cumki) 290 dunda dud du'a give x1 [donor] gives/donates gift/present x2 to recipient/beneficiary x3 [without payment/exchange][also grants; x3 is a receiver (= terdu'a for reordered places); the Lojban doesn't distinguish between or imply possession transfer or sharing; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posydu'a, posyseldu'a for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. benji, muvdu, canja, pleji, vecnu, friti, sfasa, dapma, cnemu, prali) 291 gapru gap above x1 is directly/vertically above/upwards-from x2 in gravity/frame of reference x3(cf. tsani, galtu, cnita, drudi, gacri, dizlo, farna) 292 bangu ban bau language x1 is a/the language/dialect used by x2 to express/communicate x3 (si'o/du'u, not quote)[also tongue]; (cf. tance, cusku, ve tavla, valsi, gerna, jufra, natmi, slaka) 293 cinmo cni emotion x1 feels emotion x2 (ka) about x3[also mood/humor (= nuncni)]; (cf. cmavo list ci'o, cumla, jilra, nelci, xendo, ckeji, cortu, jgira, kecti, kufra, manci, prami, steba, zungi, badri, burna, gleki) 294 fanmo fam fa'o end x1 is an end/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness][x1 is final/last/at the last; x1 is a terminal/terminus of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 terminates/ceases/stops/halts at x1 (= selfa'o for reordered places)]; (cf. krasi, cfari, mulno, sisti, denpa, jipno, kojna, traji, krasi) 295 banro ba'o grow x1 grows/expands [an increasing development] to size/into form x2 from x3[also rising, developing; x1 gets bigger/enlarges/increases]; (cf. farvi, zenba, jmina, barda, makcu, ferti) 296 mintu mit mi'u same x1 is the same/identical thing as x2 by standard x3; (x1 and x2 interchangeable)(cf. panra, satci, mapti, simsa, drata, dunli, cmavo list du - which has no standard place, simxu) 297 snada sad succeed x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3[also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)]; (cf. fliba, troci, jgira) 298 krinu rin ki'u reason x1 (event/state) is a reason/justification/explanation for/causing/permitting x2 (event/state)(cf. ciksi, rinka, nibli, mukti, se jalge, te zukte, cmavo list ki'u, bapli) 299 vajni vaj vai important x1 (object/event) is important/significant to x2 (person/event) in aspect/for reason x3 (nu/ka)[also: x1 matters to x2 in aspect/respect x3]; (cf. banli, ralju, vamji, dirba, kargu, pajni) 300 jufra juf ju'a sentence x1 (text) is a sentence/statement about x2 [topic/subject/predicate/focus] in language x3[phrase (= jufpau, suzrelvla, suzvla, gensle)]; (cf. valsi, bangu, gerna, cusku, smuni) 301 si SI erase word erase the last Lojban word, treating non-Lojban text as a single word 302 morsi mro dead x1 is dead/has ceased to be alive[die/mortal (= mrobi'o, co'urji'e)]; (cf. jmive, catra, betri) 303 tatpi ta'i tired x1 is tired/fatigued by effort/situation x2 (event); x1 needs/wants rest(cf. cikna, sipna, surla) 304 ki'e COI thanks vocative: thanks - no thanks to you 305 .u'u UI1 repentance attitudinal: repentance - lack of regret - innocence (cf. xenru, zugycni) 306 pi'o BAI used by pilno modal, 1st place used by ... 307 danlu dal da'u animal x1 is an animal/creature of species x2; x1 is biologically animate(cf. banfi, cinki, cipni, finpe, jukni, respa, since, mabru, bakni) 308 co'u ZAhO cessative interval event contour: at the ending point of ... even if not done; cessative | >< | 309 slabu sau familiar x1 is old/familiar/well-known to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4[This can cover both meanings of old. Old in years, i.e. age, can be conveyed through x2 = the world, life, existence (= loi nu zasti); in usage this has been a common default for ellipsis. However slabu is not the opposite of 'young' (= nalci'o, tolci'o), but the opposite of 'new' (= tolni'o); also ancient (= tcesau), age (= nilsau); x2 is used to x1 (= selsau for reordered places); historic/historical (= cirsau, cirselcedra; also vaipru)]; (cf. clani, citno, cnino, se djuno; not the opposite of citno, djuno) 310 ckule kul cu'e school x1 is school/institute/academy at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to audien./commun. x4 operated by x5 [also college, university]; (cf. cilre, ctuca, tadni) 311 .ia UI1 belief attitudinal: belief - skepticism - disbelief (cf. krici, jinvi) 312 no'u GOI incidental identity non-restrictive appositive phrase marker: which incidentally is the same thing as ... 313 cmima mim cmi member x1 is a member/element of set x2; x1 belongs to group x2; x1 is amid/among/amongst group x2[x1 may be a complete or incomplete list of members; x2 is normally marked by la'i/le'i/lo'i, defining the set in terms of its common property(ies), though it may be a complete enumeration of the membership]; (cf. ciste, porsi, jbini, girzu, gunma, klesi, cmavo list mei, kampu, lanzu, liste) 314 xanka nervous x1 is nervous/anxious about x2 (abstraction) under conditions x3(cf. xalni, terpa, raktu) 315 gusni gus gu'i illumine x1 [energy] is light/illumination illuminating x2 from light source x3[x3 illuminates/lights x2 with light/illumination x1; x2 is lit/illuminated by illumination x1 from source x3 (= selgu'i for reordered places); light/lamp (= tergu'i)](cf. dirce, manku, solri, carmi, ctino, kantu) 316 zmadu zma mau more x1 exceeds/is more than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount/excess x4[also positive (= nonmau)]; (cf. cmavo list mau, mleca, zenba, jmina, bancu, dukse, traji) 317 sance sna sound x1 is sound produced/emitted by x2[x2 sounds (intransitive verb)]; (cf. savru, tirna, voksa, siclu, slaka) 318 pixra pir xra picture x1 is a picture/illustration representing/showing x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4[also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/illustrative; drawing (= xraselci'a), x1 draws x2 (= xraci'a/xraci'a), image (= xratai), photo (= kacmyxra), take a photo (= kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu'e); sculpture, relief (= blixra)]; (cf. ciska, cinta, prina, mupli, barna, skina) 319 galfi gaf ga'i modify x1 (event) modifies/alters/changes/transforms/converts x2 into x3[agentive, resultative change]; (cf. stika for non-resultative, binxo for not-necessarily agentive change, cenba for non-resultative change; zasni) 320 mitre tre meter x1 is x2 meter(s) [metric unit] in length (default 1) measured in direction x3 by standard x4(cf. kilto, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, gutci, litce, megdo, mikri, milti, minli, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro) 321 .a'u UI1 interest attitudinal: interest - disinterest - repulsion (cf. cinri, selcni) 322 tezu'e BAI* with goal zukte modal, 3rd place purposefully; (as an action) with goal ... 323 darxi dax da'i hit x1 hits/strikes/[beats] x2 with instrument [or body-part] x3 at locus x4(cf. bikla, gunta, jenca, tunta, tikpa, janli, jgari, pencu) 324 sanli sa'i stand x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3[x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field]; (cf. kamju, sraji, tuple, zbepi, sarji) 325 jamfu jaf jma foot x1 is a/the foot [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: lowest portion] (adjective:) x1 is pedal(cf. jicmu, genja, zbepi, tuple, jubme, xance, tamji) 326 ce'u KOhA8 lambda pseudo-quantifier binding a variable within an abstraction that represents an open place 327 so'o PA4 several digit/number: several 328 mapti mat fit x1 fits/matches/suits/is compatible/appropriate/corresponds to/with x2 in property/aspect x3(cf. satci, tugni, sarxe, drani, tarmi, ckini, mintu) 329 cukta cku book x1 is a book containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5[x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)]; (cf. cfika, prina, prosa, tcidu, papri) 330 stuzi tuz stu site x1 is an inherent/inalienable site/place/position/situation/spot/location of x2 (object/event)[generally used for normally stationary objects/events, to give their 'permanent' location]; (cf. cmavo list tu'i, jmive, diklo, zvati, tcini, xabju, jibni, judri, lamji, mokca, stali) 331 mentu met me'u minute x1 is x2 minutes in duration (default is 1 minute) by standard x3(cf. junla, cacra, snidu, tcika) 332 stici sic west x1 is to the west/western side of x2 according to frame of reference x3(cf. stuna, berti, snanu, farna) 333 mu'a UI3 for example discursive: for example - omitting - end examples (cf. mupli) 334 bebna beb foolish x1 is foolish/silly in event/action/property [folly] (ka) x2; x1 is a boob(cf. fenki, xajmi, prije, fliba) 335 piro PA* all of number: all of 336 pluka puk pu'a pleasant x1 (event/state) seems pleasant to/pleases x2 under conditions x3(cf. rigni, cmavo list pu'a, melbi, nelci, prami) 337 korbi kor koi edge x1 is an edge/margin/border/curb/boundary of x2 next-to/bordering-on x3(cf. cmavo list koi, greku, mlana, jimte, ctebi, bartu) 338 ze'u ZEhA long time interval time tense interval: a long amount of time 339 fenki fek crazy x1 (action/event) is crazy/insane/mad/frantic/in a frenzy (one sense) by standard x2(cf. bebna, racli, xajmi) 340 po'u GOI restrictive identity restrictive appositive phrase marker: which is the same thing as 341 ne'i FAhA3 within location tense relation/direction; within/inside of/into ... 342 terdi ted earth x1 is the Earth/the home planet of race x2; (adjective:) x1 is terrestrial/earthbound(cf. lunra, plini, solri, kensa, tsani; dertu for ground, dirt, except when used to express physical relative frame of reference [e.g. on the ground, the ground beneath us], tsani) 343 bartu bar out x1 is on the outside of x2; x1 is exterior to x2(cf. jibni, nenri, sruri, lamji, korbi, calku, vasru) 344 sanji saj conscious x1 is conscious/aware of x2 (object/abstract); x1 discerns/recognizes x2 (object/abstract)[also: x1 knows [of] x2 (one sense); awareness implies some amount of mental processing above and beyond mere sensory detection, and may also be applied to mental relationships that are not detected by the senses]; (cf. menli, morji, ganse, sipna, cikna) 345 flira fir face x1 is a/the face [head/body-part] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is facial(cf. sefta, stedu, crane, mebri) 346 nandu nad difficult x1 is difficult/hard/challenging for x2 under conditions x3; x1 challenges (non-agentive) x2(cf. frili, nabmi, jdari, talsa, tinsa) 347 cpana upon x1 is upon/atop/resting on/lying on [the upper surface of] x2 in frame of reference/gravity x3(x1 may be object or event); (cf. se vasru, jbini, zvati, nenri, vreta, ckana, diklo, jibni, lamji, zutse, punji for lay upon, sarji, zbepi) 348 xamsi xas sea x1 is a sea/ocean/gulf/[atmosphere] of planet x2, of fluid x3; (adjective:) x1 is marine[also atmosphere (= varxamsi, varsenta)]; (cf. daplu, djacu, lalxu, rirxe, tumla, vacri, zbani, ctaru) 349 darno dar da'o far x1 is far/distant from x2 in property x3 (ka)(cf. jibni) 350 tcati tea x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of tea brewed from leaves x2(cf. ckafi) 351 penmi pen pe'i meet x1 meets/encounters x2 at/in location x3(cf. jorne, jikca, pencu) 352 bitmu bim bi'u wall x1 is a wall/fence separating x2 and x3 (unordered) of/in structure x4(cf. jbini, sepli, fendi, canko, drudi, kumfa, loldi, senta, snuji, pagre, gacri, kuspe, marbi, vorme) 353 so'u PA4 few digit/number: few 354 pagre gre pass through x1 passes through/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin side x4 [passing through in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))]; (cf. bitmu, denci, ganlo, kalri, vorme, pluta, canko, ragve) 355 zu'o NU1 activity abstract abstractor: activity (event) abstractor; x1 is abstract activity of [bridi] composed of x2 356 jubme jub jbu table x1 is a table/flat solid upper surface of material x2, supported by legs/base/pedestal x3(cf. ckana, jamfu, nilce, zbepi, tsina, stizu) 357 jgari jai grasp x1 grasps/holds/clutches/seizes/grips/[hugs] x2 with x3 (part of x1) at locus x4 (part of x2)[hug (= birjai, pamjai); embrace (= xadjai); handshake (= xanjai, jikyxanjai), handle (= veljai, veljaitci)]; (cf. ralte, pencu, darxi, batke, rinju) 358 di'e KOhA2 next utterance pro-sumti: the next utterance 359 tricu ric tree x1 is a tree of species/cultivar x2(cf. cindu, ckunu, pezli, mudri, spati) 360 roroi ROI* always tense interval modifier: always; objectively quantified tense; defaults as time tense 361 botpi bot bo'i bottle x1 is a bottle/jar/urn/flask/closable container for x2, made of material x3 with lid x4(cf. baktu, lante, patxu, tansi, tanxe, vasru, gacri) 362 jemna jme gem x1 is a gem/polished stone/pearl of type x2 from gemstone/material/source x3[also jewel (= jmeja'i); gemstone (= x2, x3, or jmero'i, jmekunra); pearl (= selcakyjme - a gem found inside a shell, tercakyjme - a gem made of shell material, boijme - any ball-shaped gem), mother-of-pearl (= cakyjme)]; (cf. kunra, rokci, jadni, dirba, kargu, krili, pulji) 363 vo'a KOhA4 x1 it pro-sumti: repeats 1st place of main bridi of this sentence 364 ta'e TAhE habitually tense interval modifier: habitually; subjective tense/modal; defaults as time tense 365 sruri rur sru surround x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3[(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)]; (cf. karli, senta, snuji, vanbi, se nenri, se jbini, bartu, djine) 366 fanva translate x1 translates text/utterance x2 to language x3 from language x4 with translation result x5(cf. cusku, bangu) 367 bilga big obliged x1 is bound/obliged to/has the duty to do/be x2 in/by standard/agreement x3; x1 must do x2[also x3 frame of reference]; (cf. zifre, fuzme) 368 vo PA1 4 digit/number: 4 (digit) [four] 369 mukti muk mu'i motive x1 (action/event/state) motivates/is a motive/incentive for action/event x2, per volition of x3[also; x3 is motivated to bring about result/goal/objective x2 by x1 (= termu'i for reordered places); (note that 'under conditions' BAI may apply and be appropriately added to the main predicate level or within the x2 action level)]; (cf. cmavo list mu'i, nibli, te zukte - generally better for 'goal', se jalge, krinu, rinka, ciksi, djica, xlura) 370 gerku ger ge'u dog x1 is a dog/canine/[bitch] of species/breed x2(cf. lorxu, labno, mlatu) 371 ni'i BAI because of logic nibli modal, 1st place logically; logically because ... 372 jinga jig ji'a win x1 (person/team) wins/gains prize x2 from/over x3 [competitors/losers] in competition x4[also: x1 is a victor; x2 reward; x3 competitors here are opponents and in many situations, defeated/losers, vs. the set of those competing for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posyji'a, posyselji'a for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. cirko, jivna, talsa, cnemu, prali, pleji, sfasa, jdima, jerna, bradi, kargu, kelci) 373 vacri var air x1 is a quantity of air/normally-gaseous atmosphere of planet x2, of composition including x3(cf. gapci, kijno, trano, tumla, vasxu, xamsi) 374 tu KOhA6 that yonder pro-sumti: that yonder; distant demonstrative it; indicated thing far from speaker&listener 375 sisti sti cease x1 [agent] ceases/stops/halts/ends activity/process/state x2 [not necessarily completing it](cf. fanmo, mulno, cfari, denpa, fliba) 376 bu'u FAhA3 coincident with location tense relation/direction; coincident with/at the same place as; space equivalent of ca 377 nuzba nuz news x1 (du'u) is news/tidings/new information about subject x2 from source x3, to observer x4(cf. cnino, notci) 378 purdi pud garden x1 is a garden/tended/cultivated field of family/community/farmer x2 growing plants/crop x3[orchard (= ricpurdi)]; (cf. foldi, cange, panka) 379 gugde gug gu'e country x1 is the country of peoples x2 with land/territory x3; (people/territory relationship)[also sovereignty, domestic (as opposed to foreign), nation (when not referring to ethos)]; (cf. turni, natmi, jecta, tumla, tutra, lanci) 380 krici kri believe x1 believes [without evidence/proof] belief/creed x2 (du'u) is true/assumed about subject x3["without evidence" refers to objective external evidence; also gives credence, has conviction]; (cf. censa, cevni, lijda, makfa, malsi, senpi, birti) 381 sisku sis seek x1 seeks/searches/looks for property x2 among set x3 (complete specification of set)[if searching for an object or an event, use tu'a in x2]; (cf. cirko, kalte, kavbu, kucli, rivbi, manci, facki) 382 junri jur serious x1 (person) is serious/earnest/has gravity about x2 (event/state/activity)[also solemn (= drijunri, ri'irjunri, tcejunri)]; (cf. tilju, xalbo, badri, ritli) 383 kucli curious x1 is curious/wonders about/is interested in/[inquisitive about] x2 (object/abstract)[inquisitive (= retkucli)]; (cf. manci, sisku, se cinri) 384 cladu lau loud x1 is loud/noisy at observation point x2 by standard x3(cf. savru) 385 dirba dib dear x1 is dear/precious/darling to x2; x1 is emotionally valued by x2[x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posydirba for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. tcika, kargu, vamji, vajni, pleji, jadni, jemna) 386 canci vanish x1 vanishes/disappears from location x2; x1 ceases to be observed at x2 using senses/sensor x3[also leaves, goes away (one sense)]; (cf. cliva, ganse, zgana, lebna, vimcu) 387 xi XI subscript subscript; attaches a numer of letteral string following as a subscript onto grammar structures 388 broda rod predicate var 1 1st assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure)(cf. cmavo list bu'a) 389 sanga sag sa'a sing x1 sings/chants x2 [song/hymn/melody/melodic sounds] to audience x3[melody (= sagzgi, ralsagzgi), harmony (= saxsagzgi), harmonize/sing harmony (= saxsa'a), song (= selsa'a)]; (cf. pemci, rimni, rilti, siclu) 390 sidbo sib si'o idea x1 (idea abstract) is an idea/concept/thought about x2 (object/abstract) by thinker x3[also (adjective:) x1 is ideal/ideational]; (cf. ciksi, jijnu, mucti, jinvi, nabmi, pensi, xanri, cmavo list si'o) 391 ja'o UI2 I conclude evidential: I conclude (cf. selni'i, ni'ikri) 392 fenra fer fe'a crack x1 is a crack/fissure/pass/cleft/ravine/chasm/[defect/flaw] [shape/form] in x2(cf. kevna, cfila, jinto) 393 la'o ZOI the non-Lojban named delimited non-Lojban name; the resulting quote sumti is treated as a name 394 ckaji kai quality x1 has/is characterized by property/feature/trait/aspect/dimension x2 (ka); x2 is manifest in x1 [manifested/property/quality/trait/feature/aspect (= selkai)]; (cf. cmavo list kai, tcaci, tcini) 395 kurji kuj ku'i take care of x1 takes-care-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person)[also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2]; (cf. jundi, cinri, prami, raktu, zgana) 396 notci not noi message x1 is a message/notice/memorandum about subject x2 from author x3 to intended audience x4[emphasis on brevity, single or identifiable subject (contrast with xatra: the emphasis in notci is on the single or cohesively focused subject, while the audience is less defined - indeed only an 'intended' audience. xatra need not have a single or focussed subject - its corresponding place is for 'content'); reminder/memo/note (= mojnoi)]; (cf. xatra, nuzba, mrilu, morji) 397 ganra gan broad x1 is broad/wide in dimension x2 [2nd most significant dimension] by standard x3(cf. clani, jarki, rotsu, condi, barda, gutci, minli) 398 muvdu muv mu'u move x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4[also mobile (= comymu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)]; (cf. rinci, klama (which differs in that the means of motion is explicit), litru, cliva, fatri; dunda, benji for agentive movement that does not necessarily imply alienation from origin, preja for similar movement with no agent implied, bevri, vimcu) 399 ru'i TAhE continuously tense interval modifier: continuously; subjective tense/modal; defaults as time tense 400 selfu sef se'u serve x1 (agent) serves x2 with service x3 (activity); x1 is a servant (noun) of x2 performing x3(cf. sidju, sarji, gunka) 401 dizlo diz dzi low x1 is low/down/downward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3[also lower; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself]; (cf. cnita, galtu, gapru, farna, loldi) 402 condi con cno coi deep x1 is deep in extent in direction/property x2 away from reference point x3 by standard x4(cf. clani, caxno, bargu, ganra, rotsu, barda, gutci, minli) 403 berti ber north x1 is to the north/northern side [right-hand-rule pole] of x2 according to frame of reference x3 (cf. snanu, stici, stuna, farna) 404 tarmi tam tai shape x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract) [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)]; (cf. nejni, morna; te marji for physical shape, tapla, bliku, kubli, kurfa, cukla, mapti, morna, sarlu) 405 temci tem tei time x1 is the time-duration/interval/period/[elapsed time] from time/event x2 to time/event x3[also age/elapsed time (= niltei)]; (cf. cacra, cedra, citsi, ranji, tcika, junla, renvi) 406 renro rer re'o throw x1 throws/launches/casts/hurls x2 to/at/in direction x3 (propulsion derives internally to x1)(cf. cecla (more general term), danti) 407 stuna sun east x1 is to the east/eastern side of x2 according to frame of reference x3(cf. stici, berti, snanu, farna) 408 zenba zen ze'a increase x1 (experiencer) increases/is incremented/augmented in property/quantity x2 by amount x3(cf. jdika, zmadu, banro, jmina) 409 nitcu tcu need x1 needs/requires/is dependent on/[wants] necessity x2 for purpose/action/stage of process x3[no implication of lack]; (cf. banzu, cidja, claxu, pindi, xebni, sarcu, lacri, djica, taske, xagji) 410 vau VAU end simple bridi elidable: end of sumti in simple bridi; in compound bridi, separates common trailing sumti 411 dai UI5 empathy attitudinal modifier: marks empathetic use of preceding attitudinal; shows another's feelings (cf. cnijmi) 412 since snake x1 is a snake/serpent of species/breed x2(cf. curnu, danlu, respa, vindu) 413 ciksi cki explain x1 (person) explains x2 (event/state/property) to x3 with explanation x4 (du'u)[explanation x4 is an underlying mechanism/details/purpose/method for x2 (= velcki for reordered places), generally assumed to be non-obvious; metaphorical usage with the various causal relations (i.e. jalge, mukti, krinu, rinka, nibli, zukte) is possible, but the non-obviousness, and the existence of an explainer with a point of view makes this word not a simple expression of cause]; (cf. cipra, danfu, jalge, jinvi, krinu, mukti, nabmi, preti, rinka, sidbo, zukte, tavla) 414 ninmu nim ni'u woman x1 is a woman/women; x1 is a female humanoid person [not necessarily adult][word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use remna or prenu)]; (cf. nanmu, remna, prenu, makcu, nixli) 415 tcika time of day x1 [hours, {minutes}, {seconds}] is the time/hour of state/event x2 on day x3 at location x4[also o'clock, time-of-day]; (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi); (cf. cmavo list ti'u, cacra, cerni, detri, donri, djedi, junla, nicte, mentu, snidu, temci, vanci, dirba, mokca) 416 spaji paj surprise x1 (event/action abstract) surprises/startles/is unexpected [and generally sudden] to x2[also expectation (= nalspaji), alarm (= tepspaji)]; (cf. manci, jenca, bredi, suksa) 417 birka bir arm x1 is a/the arm [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: branch with strength][also elbow (= bircidni), wrist (= xanterjo'e), appendage (but jimca, rebla preferred)]; (cf. jimca, janco, xance, rebla) 418 cfari cfa initiate x1 [state/event/process] commences/initiates/starts/begins to occur; (intransitive verb)(cf. sisti, krasi, fanmo) 419 pacna pa'a hope x1 hopes/wishes for/desires x2 (event), expected likelihood x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 happens[also: x1 is hopeful of x2; x2 will hopefully occur, as hoped for by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective estimate of likeliness according to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether pacna means 'hope' or 'wish' or 'expect': hoping for objects/states with negligible expectation is "wishing"; if the state is plausibly likely, it is "hoping"; when the probability is subjectively near 1, the attitude is described as "expecting"; the value will usually be expressed using inexact numbers ("li piso'u" to "li piro"); wish (= sotpa'a), hope (= sorpa'a), expect (= sojypa'a)]; (cf. djica) 420 secau BAI* without claxu modal, 2nd place (lacking) without ... 421 ta'o UI3 by the way discursive: by the way - returning to main point (cf. denpa, cneterta'a) 422 krefu ref ke'u recur x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1[also case, another, instance, different, other, time, occasion]; (cf. fukpi, rapli, cafne, fasnu, xruti) 423 klaku kak weep x1 weeps/cries tears x2 about/for reason x3 (event/state)(cf. badri, krixa) 424 jarco ja'o show x1 (agent) shows/exhibits/displays/[reveals]/demonstrates x2 (property) to audience x3[reveal (= tolmipygau, mipyja'o, sivja'o); also: x1 shows that x2, x1 shows off x2; showing an object is generally expressed with a tu'a x2, since the properties of the shown object (other than its presence) intended for observation are seldom specified (simple presence could be expressed by leka [object] cu zvati)]; (cf. tigni, cipra, zgana, jvinu, lanli, mipri, simlu) 425 litru li'u travel x1 travels/journeys/goes/moves via route x2 using means/vehicle x3; x1 is a traveller(x2 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly); (cf. bajra, cadzu, cpare, tcana, klama, cliva, pluta, limna, muvdu) 426 ledo LE* your described as possessive/associative descriptor: the one(s) described as, of yours 427 pu'o ZAhO anticipative interval event contour: in anticipation of ...; until ... ; inchoative ----| | 428 jo'u JOI in common with non-logical connective: in common with; along with (unmixed) 429 .i'a UI1 acceptance attitudinal: acceptance - blame (cf. nalna'e, nalpro, no'epro, nalzugjdi) 430 lemi LE* my described as possessive/associative descriptor: the one(s) described as, of mine 431 tilju tij heavy x1 is heavy/weighty in mass/weight by standard x2(cf. linto; carmi, se junri for metaphor, bunda, junta) 432 lebna leb le'a take x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor)[also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied]; (cf. punji, cpacu where volition or previous possession is not necessarily implied, vimcu for alienation where x1 need not gain possession, canci, cliva) 433 sidju dju help x1 helps/assists/aids object/person x2 do/achieve/maintain event/activity x3(cf. cmavo list si'u, rirni, sarji, vipsi, ferti, selfu) 434 sinxa sni sign x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3[also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of import; signal an action (= sniti'i), connotation (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)]; (cf. lerfu, tcita, barna, mifra, smuni) 435 tsani tan sky x1 is an expanse of sky/the heavens at place x2; [celestial](cf. gapru, kensa, tarci, terdi) 436 desku des shake x1 shakes/quakes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2[also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion]; (cf. slilu, janbe) 437 ze'e ZEhA whole time interval time tense interval: the whole of time 438 ze'i ZEhA short time interval time tense interval: an instantaneous/tiny/short amount of time 439 remna rem re'a human x1 is a human/human being/man (non-specific gender-free sense); (adjective:) x1 is human(cf. nanmu, ninmu, prenu) 440 nanba nab bread x1 is a quantity of/contains bread [leavened or unleavened] made from grains x2(cf. gurni, panlo, toknu) 441 snanu nan south x1 is to the south/southern side of x2 according to frame of reference x3(cf. berti, stuna, stici, farna) 442 suksa suk sudden x1 (event/state) is sudden/sharply changes at stage/point x2 in process/property/function x3[also abrupt, discontinuous]; (cf. spaji, vitci, vlile) 443 prali pal profit x1 is a profit/gain/benefit/advantage to x2 accruing/resulting from activity/process x3[also (fe) x2 profits from x3 (= selterprali for reordered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= selposprali for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. vecnu, cnemu, pleji, jinga, canja, sfasa, jerna, jdima, dunda, zivle) 444 fadni fad ordinary x1 [member] is ordinary/common/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set)[also: x2 is a normal/common/ordinary/typical property among set x3 (= selterfadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla forms:) banal, trite, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)]; (cf. cafne, rirci, kampu, lakne, tcaci, cnano) 445 lifri lif fri experience x1 [person/passive/state] undergoes/experiences x2 (event/experience); x2 happens to x1[also has/have (of events/experiences); (adjective:) x1 is empirical; suggests passive undergoing but does not exclude active (per zukte) intent; a deserved experience: reward or punishment (= jernyfri, zanjernyfri, maljernyfri)]; (cf. cmavo list ri'i, jmive, fasnu, renvi) 446 zunti zun zu'i interfere x1 (evt./state) interferes with/hinders/disrupts x2 (evt./state/process) due to quality x3 (ka)[also blocks, obstructs, baffles; not necessarily forcing cessation] (cf. fanta, dicra, fliba, fanza, raktu, klina, bandu, cfipu, ganlo) 447 no'i NIhO old topic discursive: paragraph break; resume previous topic 448 turni tru govern x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2[x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))]; (cf. catni, minde, tutra, jecta, gugde, ponse, jitro) 449 zdile zdi amusing x1 (abstract) is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1 [also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an amusement/entertainment/[game] for x2]; (cf. cinri, panka, xajmi for 'funny', kelci) 450 cribe rib bear x1 is a bear/ursoid of species/breed x2(cf. danlu, mabru) 451 galtu gal ga'u high x1 is high/up/upward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3[also upper; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself]; (cf. gapru, dizlo, cnita, drudi, farna) 452 liste ste list x1 (physical object) is a list/catalog/register of sequence/set x2 in order x3 in medium x4[also roll, log]; (x2 is completely specified); (cf. porsi, girzu, cmima for mental objects wherein order is of varying importance; some manifested order is intrinsic to a physical list, but the specific order may be incidental and not intentional/purposeful) 453 minde mid mi'e command x1 issues commands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur[also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi'e)]; (cf. lacri, te bende, jatna, ralju, jitro, turni, tinbe) 454 rivbi riv avoid x1 avoids/evades/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event)[also detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)]; (cf. bandu which is not necessarily successful, fanta, which is agentive, se jersi which implies an opposing agent, sisku, kalte, fapro) 455 fi'o FIhO selbri to modal convert selbri to nonce modal/sumti tag 456 masno sno slow x1 is slow/sluggish at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state)(cf. sutra) 457 stasu soup x1 is a quantity of soup/stew/olla/olio [food] of ingredients including x2[x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1]; (cf. sanmi, mixre, salta, sanso) 458 srana ra'a pertain x1 pertains to/is germane/relevant to/concerns/is related/associated with/is about x2[also: x1 is a question of/treats of x2; can be symmetric, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than x2]; (cf. cmavo list ra'a, ckini, ponse, steci) 459 bei BEI link more sumti separates multiple linked sumti within a selbri; used in descriptions 460 xlali xla bad x1 is bad for x2 by standard x3; x1 is poor/unacceptable to x2[be careful to distinguish between a bad/unacceptable event, and a bad/unacceptable agent: x1 does poorly (= lenu ko'a gasnu cu xlali and not normally ko'a xlali)]; (cf. palci, mabla, xamgu, betri) 461 cpare par climb x1 climbs/clambers/creeps/crawls on surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [limbs/tools](cf. klama, litru, bajra, farlu, plipe) 462 lujvo luv jvo affix compound x1 (text) is a compound predicate word with meaning x2 and arguments x3 built from metaphor x4(cf. stura, cmavo, gismu, rafsi, smuni) 463 jinto well x1 is a well/spring of fluid x2 at location x3(cf. krasi, djacu, fenra) 464 cifnu cif infant x1 is an infant/baby [helpless through youth/incomplete development] of species x2[also infantile]; (cf. makcu, verba) 465 stali sta remain x1 remains/stays at/abides/lasts with x2(cf. vitno, zasni, ralte, stodi, xabju, stuzi, renvi) 466 mamta mam mother x1 is a mother of x2; x1 bears/mothers/acts maternally toward x2; [not necessarily biological](cf. patfu, sovda, rirni, rorci, tarbi, famti, bersa, jbena) 467 ju'i COI attention vocative: attention - at ease - ignore me 468 xanri xar imaginary x1 [concept] exists in the imagination of/is imagined by/is imaginary to x2[also (adjective:) x1 is mental (one sense), x1 is unreal (one sense); in spite of the synonym, note that x2 is imaginary does not imply that it doesn't exist in the real world; the definition is crafted so that one can talk about imaginary things without claiming that they thereby really exist]; (cf. fatci, senva, sucta, zasti, cfika, dacti, menli, sidbo) 469 .uo UI1 completion attitudinal: completion - incompleteness (cf. mulno, mansa, fanmo, snada) 470 zu'e BAI with actor zukte modal, 1st place (purposed agent) with goal-seeking actor ... 471 dacti dai object x1 is a material object enduring in space-time; x1 is a thing(cf. marji, xanri) 472 vreta vre reclining x1 lies/rests/reclines/reposes on x2; x1 is reclining/recumbent/lying on x2(cf. cpana, surla, zutse, ckana, lazni) 473 nanmu nau man x1 is a man/men; x1 is a male humanoid person [not necessarily adult][word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use remna or prenu)]; (cf. ninmu, remna, prenu, makcu, nanla, bersa) 474 rirxe ri'e river x1 is a river of land mass x2, draining watershed x3 into x4/terminating at x4(cf. flecu, senta for most metaphorical aspects; daplu, djacu, lalxu, xamsi, rinci, naxle) 475 spofu pof po'u broken x1 is broken/inoperable/broken down/non-utile/not usable for function x2[agentive break, cause to become inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu'e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja'e, nutpo'uja'e)]; (cf. daspo, katna, porpi, se xrani, cikre) 476 trixe rix ti'e behind x1 is posterior/behind/back/in the rear of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3[also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2; spine (= rixybo'u, rixybo'ukamju)]; (cf. crane, rebla, mlana, pritu, zunle) 477 cuntu cu'u affair x1 is an affair/organized activity involving person(s) x2 (ind./mass); x1 is x2's business[also matter, concern; x2 is engaged in x1 (which is usually an abstraction) (= selcu'u for reordered places)] (cf. jikca, srana) 478 datni data x1 (du'u) [fact/measurement] is data/information/statistic(s) about x2 gathered by method x3[evidence (= velji'i datni or just velji'i, sidydatni)] (cf. fatci, saske, vreji) 479 canko ca'o window x1 is a window/portal/opening [portal] in wall/building/structure x2(cf. vorme, bitmu, ganlo, murta, pagre, kevna, jvinu, kalri, kuspe) 480 benji bej be'i transfer x1 transfers/sends/transmits x2 to receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium x5[also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) alienation from origin is implied]; [x5 carrier]; (cf. muvdu, dunda, mrilu, nirna, xruti, cradi, tivni, preja, cmavo list be'i, bevri, mrilu, tcana) 481 ro'a UI4 social emotion category/modifier: social - antisocial (cf. jikca) 482 zifre zif zi'e free x1 is free/at liberty to do/be x2 (event/state) under conditions x3[also unrestricted, unfettered, unconstrained; (adjective:) independent; (adverb:) willingly, voluntarily, freely, may, optionally; (potential:) x1 voluntarily does x2]; (cf. pinfu, rinju, bilga, curmi, kakne, frili) 483 va VA there at location tense distance: near to ... ; there at ...; a medium/small distance from ... 484 nanca na'a year x1 is x2 years in duration (default is 1 year) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is annual[this year (= cabna'a); next year (= bavlamna'a); last year (= prulamna'a)]; (cf. detri, djedi, jeftu, masti) 485 cidja dja food x1 is food/feed/nutriment for x2; x1 is edible/gives nutrition to x2(cf. citka, nitcu, pinxe, xagji, cpina) 486 gau BAI with active agent gasnu modal, 1st place agent/actor case tag with active agent ... 487 cisma smile x1 smiles/grins (facial expression)[smile/grin at something (= cismyfra)]; (cf. xajmi, cmila, frumu) 488 dansu dance x1 (individual, mass) dances to accompaniment/music/rhythm x2(cf. bende, zgike, zajba) 489 glico gic gli English x1 is English/pertains to English-speaking culture in aspect x2[generally assume broadest sense of 'English'; may refer to 'English', pertaining to the country/people/culture of England (normally requiring constraint = gligu'e, or simply redundancy = gligli-); British English, the norm language of the UK (= gliglibau)]; (cf. brito which refers to the United Kingdom as a whole or to the British empire, merko, sralo, kadno, skoto) 490 krasi kra source x1 (site/event) is a source/start/beginning/origin of x2 (object/event/process)[also root (figurative sense); (adjective:) x1 is initial]; (cf. fanmo, cmavo list ra'i, sabji, cfari, jipno, traji, kojna, genja, jicmu, sitna, jinto) 491 bredi red bre ready x1 is ready/prepared for x2 (event)(cf. spaji, jukpa) 492 si'o NU concept abstract abstractor: idea/concept abstractor; x1 is x2's concept of [bridi] 493 ti'e UI2 I hear evidential: I hear (hearsay) (cf. tirna, sitna, tcidu) 494 ri'a BAI because of cause rinka modal, 1st place (phys./mental) causal because ... 495 ji'i PA4 approximately digit/number: approximately (default the typical value in this context) (number) 496 zu ZI long time time tense distance: long distance in time 497 so PA1 9 digit/number: 9 (digit) [nine] 498 xusra xus xu'a assert x1 (agent) asserts/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority] [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that x2]; (cf. natfe which is propositional and non-agentive, nupre) 499 ctuca ctu teach x1 teaches audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event)[also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, teacher, professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical]; (cf. ckule, cilre, tadni) 500 pe'u COI please vocative: please 501 xagji hunger x1 hungers for x2; x1 needs/wants food/fuel x2(cf. cidja, citka, djica, nitcu, taske) 502 mrilu mri mail x1 mails/posts [transfer via intermediary service] x2 to x3 from x4 by carrier/network/system x5 [also x4 post office, mailbox]; (cf. benji [in which the medium need not be a 3rd party service/system, and x2 need not consist of discrete units], notci, xatra, tcana) 503 dunli dun du'i equal x1 is equal/congruent to/as much as x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3[same in quantity/quality (not necessarily in identity); 'analogy' may be expressed as the equivalence of two properties of similarity (ka x1 simsa x2) and (ka x3 simsa x4)]; (cf. cmavo list du'i, satci, frica, simsa, mintu) 504 danfu daf answer x1 is the answer/response/solution/[reply] to question/problem x2(cf. ciksi, frati, preti, nabmi, spuda for agentive response/reply, cpedu) 505 dasni das wear x1 wears/is robed/garbed in x2 as a garment of type x3[x2 need not be intended for use as a garment (unlike taxfu)]; (cf. taxfu) 506 verba ver ve'a child x1 is a child/kid/juvenile [a young person] of age x2, immature by standard x3[not necessarily human]; (cf. cifnu, makcu, citno, panzi, nanla, nixli, se rirni, bersa) 507 ge'u GEhU end relative phrase elidable terminator: end relative/modal phrases; usually elidable in non-complex phrases 508 xo PA5 number ? digit/number: number/digit/lerfu question 509 certu cre expert x1 is an expert/pro/has prowess in/is skilled at x2 (event/activity) by standard x3[also competent, skilled]; (cf. djuno, stati, kakne) 510 frili fil easy x1 (action) is easy/simple/facile for x2 (agent) under conditions x3; x2 does x1 freely/easily(cf. nandu, sampu, zifre) 511 nicte cte night x1 is a nighttime of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is at night/nocturnal[tonight (= cabycte); tomorrow night (= bavlamcte, even when tonight is still in the future); last night (= prulamcte)]; (cf. donri, djedi, tcika) 512 catra kill x1 (agent) kills/slaughters/murders x2 by action/method x3(cf. morsi, xarci) 513 moklu mol mo'u mouth x1 is a/the mouth/oral cavity [body-part] of x2; (metaphor: entrance/intake for consumption)[(adjective:) x1 is oral]; (cf. ctebi, denci, tance) 514 canlu cal ca'u space x1 is space/volume/region/room [at-least-3-dimensional area] occupied by x2[also occupy (= selca'u)] (cf. kensa, bliku, kumfa, kevna, kunti, tubnu, dekpu) 515 tcadu tca city x1 is a town/city of metropolitan area x2, in political unit x3, serving hinterland/region x4[also (adjective:) x1 is urban]; (cf. jarbu, nurma, cecmu, jarbu) 516 xebni xen xei hate x1 hates/despises x2 (object/abstraction); x1 is full of hate for x2; x2 is odious to x1[x1 is hateful (one sense); x2 is hateful (different sense)]; (cf. djica, nitcu, rigni, prami, nelci) 517 la'a UI3 probability discursive: probability - improbability (cf. lakne) 518 srera sre err x1 errs in doing/being/making mistake x2 (event), an error under conditions x3 by standard x4(cf. drani, which is non-agentive, cfila, fliba) 519 midju mij middle x1 is in/at the middle/center/midpoint/[is a focus] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is central(cf. lanxe, jbini, nutli, snuji, milxe, denmi, ralju) 520 xa PA1 6 digit/number: 6 (digit) [six] 521 le'i LE the set described non-veridical descriptor: the set of those described as ..., treated as a set 522 kabri cup x1 is a cup/glass/tumbler/mug/vessel/[bowl] containing contents x2, and of material x3[a kabri is normally eaten from by lifting it; a palta is not]; (cf. palta, citka, blaci, tansi) 523 klesi kle lei class x1 (mass/si'o) is a class/category/subgroup/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (ka)[also type, kind, classification, species, genus, family, order, phylum]; (cf. cmavo list le'a, cmima, jutsi, ciste, girzu, lanzu, vrici) 524 steci tec te'i specific x1 (ka) is specific/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set)[x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object whose association is specific/defining of a subset or individuals (= tecra'a, also cf. cmavo list po'e, [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/strongly/specifically associated]; (x3 is completely specified set)]; (cf. srana, se ponse, ckini, tcila, tutra) 525 bai BAI compelled by bapli modal, 1st place (forced by) forcedly; compelled by force ... 526 do'u DOhU end vocative elidable terminator: end vocative (often elidable) 527 porpi pop po'i break x1 breaks/fractures/shatters/[splits/splinters/cracks] into pieces x2(cf. xrani, spofu, se katna) 528 savru sav vru noise x1 is a noise/din/clamor [sensory input without useful information] to x2 via sensory channel x3 (cf. sance, cladu, kerlo, smaji, tirna, siclu) 529 ju'ocu'i UI*5 uncertainty attitudinal modifier: certainty - uncertainty - impossibility 530 foldi flo foi field x1 is a field [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a broad uniform expanse of x2[also woods (= ricfoi), lawn/meadow (= sasfoi), brush (= spafoi, cicyspafoi)]; (cf. purdi, cange) 531 nabmi nam problem x1 (event/state) is a problem to/encountered by x2 in situation/task/inquiry x3[also: x1 requires consideration by x2]; (cf. preti, danfu, ciksi, jijnu, jinvi, nandu, pensi, sidbo, spuda) 532 setca se'a insert x1 (agent) inserts/interposes/puts/deposits x2 into interior x3/into among/between members of x3 [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; inject (= je'erse'a); syringe/needle (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni); also pour, inflate, stuff, fill]; (cf. rinci, tisna, punji, jbini, nenri, jmina, culno, kunti, catlu) 533 xajmi xam funny x1 is funny/comical to x2 in property/aspect x3 (nu/ka); x3 is what is funny about x1 to x2[also: x1 is a comedian (= xampre, xamseljibri for a professional comedian)]; (x1 can be a person/object or an abstraction; be careful about possible sumti-raising); (cf. bebna, cisma, cmila, fenki, zdile) 534 drudi rud dru roof x1 is a roof/top/ceiling/lid of x2(cf. bitmu, stedu, galtu, gapru, loldi, marbi, gacri, mapku; a drudi is (designed to be) over/above something and shelters it from other things above the drudi, mapku) 535 cpedu cpe request x1 requests/asks/petitions/solicits for x2 of/from x3 in manner/form x4[also demand (= mi'ecpe); x4 is a means of expression (cf. ve cusku): a request may be indicated in speech, in writing, or by an action (e.g. petitions are often in writing, while begging/panhandling may be indicated by an action or even demeanor)]; (cf. pikci, te preti, te frati, se spuda, danfu) 536 na'u NAhU selbri to operator convert selbri to mex operator; used to create less-used operators using le'avla, lujvo, etc. 537 ka'u UI2 I know culturally evidential: I know by cultural means (myth or custom) (cf. kluju'o) 538 donri dor do'i daytime x1 is the daytime of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal (vs. nocturnal)(cf. nicte, djedi, tcika) 539 .uanai UI*1 confusion attitudinal: discovery - confusion/searching 540 satci exact x1 [measurement/match] is exact/precise to precision x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni)(cf. sarxe, dunli, merli, mapti, kancu, mintu) 541 ckiku kik key x1 is a key fitting/releasing/opening/unlocking lock x2, and having relevant properties x3[also x2 fastener, mechanism; code key (= termifckiku, kiktermifra); x3 is dependent on the type of key, but are those form properties of the key that enable it to serve the function of opening the lock - in the case of a metal key to a padlock, for example, this would be the shaft and teeth]; (cf. stela) 542 jbini bin bi'i between x1 is between/among set of points/bounds/limits x2 (set)/amidst mass x2 in property x3 (ka)[x2 (a complete set, generally ordered) defines the bounds/limits/range for x1]; (cf. se vasru, nenri, zvati, cpana, snuji, senta, bitmu, jimte, kuspe, jibni, lamji, sruri, vanbi, midju, cmima, setca) 543 jukpa jup cook x1 cooks/prepares food-for-eating x2 by recipe/method x3 (process)[cook with heat (= glajukpa, glaterjukpa), bake (= tokyjukpa); fry (= rasyjukpa)]; (cf. cupra, bredi) 544 raktu ra'u trouble x1 (object/person/event/situation) troubles/disturbs x2 (person) causing problem(s) x3[also afflicts, is disruptive to, troublesome; x1/x3 are a care to x2, x2 is troubled by/cares about x1/x3 (= selra'u for reordered places)]; (cf. dicra, fanza, zunti, kurji, xanka) 545 .o'o UI1 patience attitudinal: patience - mere tolerance - anger (cf. fengu, to'ersteba, de'acni 546 .e'a UI1 permission attitudinal: granting permission - prohibiting (cf. curmi) 547 curmi cru let x1 (agent) lets/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2[sufficient condition (= crutcini), agent that permits a situation (= tcinycru)]; (cf. rinju, banzu, ralte, jimte, jaspu, zifre) 548 ni'a FAhA2 below location tense relation/direction; downwards/down from ... 549 ze PA1 7 digit/number: 7 (digit) [seven] 550 fa'u JOI and respectively non-logical connective: respectively; unmixed ordered distributed association 551 girzu gir gri group x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4[also collection, team, comprised of, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri)]; (cf. bende, ciste, cmima, gunma, panra, cabra, cecmu, kansa, klesi, lanzu, liste, vrici) 552 spisa spi piece x1 [object/substance] is a piece/portion/lump/chunk/particle of x2 [substance](cf. pagbu) 553 pu'u NU1 process abstract abstractor: process (event) abstractor; x1 is process of [bridi] proceeding in stages x2 554 du'i BAI as much as dunli modal, 1st place (equalled by) equally; as much as ... 555 manku man dark x1 is dark/lacking in illumination(cf. blabi, gusni, ctino; use kandi or xekri with colors, ctino) 556 gerna gen ge'a grammar x1 is the grammar/rules/defining form of language x2 for structure/text x3(cf. bangu, stura, cmavo, jufra) 557 senva sev sne dream x1 dreams about/that x2 (fact/idea/event/state); x2 is a dream/reverie of x1[dream/reverie (= selsne)]; (cf. sipna, xanri) 558 fagri fag fire x1 is a fire/flame in fuel x2 burning-in/reacting-with oxidizer x3 (default air/oxygen)(cf. jelca, sacki) 559 citno cit ci'o young x1 is young/youthful [relatively short in elapsed duration] by standard x2[also age (= nilnalci'o); (adjective:) x1 is junior]; (cf. cnino, slabu, verba) 560 barna ba'a mark x1(s) is a/are mark(s)/spot(s) on x2 of material x3[ba'armo'a for a pattern of marks]; (cf. sinxa, pixra, se ciska, se prina) 561 limna lim swim x1 (agent) swims in fluid x2(cf. djacu, fulta, klama, litru) 562 kargu costly x1 (object/commodity/property/event) is costly/expensive/dear to x2 by standard x3[x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= poskargu for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. vamji, dirba, vajni, jdima, pleji, canja, jerna, jinga, jemna, sfasa, vecnu) 563 gletu let gle copulate x1 copulates/fucks/mates/has coitus/sexual intercourse with x2[x1 and x2 are symmetrical; mounts (= cpanygle)]; (cf. cinse, pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi, mabla, speni) 564 tugni tug tu'i agree x1 [person] agrees with person(s)/position/side x2 that x3 (du'u) is true about matter x4(cf. sarxe, mapti, darlu, natfe, panpi, sarji) 565 glare gla hot x1 is hot/[warm] by standard x2[warm (= mligla), feverish (= bi'agla)]; (cf. lenku) 566 solri sol solar x1 is the sun of home planet x2 (default Earth) of race x3; (adjective:) x1 is solar['home planet' refers to a planet which is "home" to a race, but not necessarily the original "home" of a species if that species inhabits many worlds]; (cf. gusni, lunra, mluni, plini, santa, terdi, tarci) 567 grana ga'a rod x1 is a rod/pole/staff/stick/cane [shape/form] of material x2(cf. garna) 568 lenku lek cold x1 is cold/cool by standard x2(cf. glare, bisli) 569 cikna cik awake (adjective:) x1 is awake/alert/conscious(cf. sanji, sipna, tatpi) 570 ru'u FAhA2 surrounding location tense relation/direction; surrounding/annular ... 571 carvi cav rain x1 rains/showers/[precipitates] to x2 from x3; x1 is precipitation [not limited to 'rain'](cf. bratu, dilnu, santa, snime, tcima, bisli, bumru) 572 jdice jdi decide x1 (person) decides/makes decision x2 (du'u) about matter x3 (event/state)(cf. pajni, cuxna, kanji, manri) 573 mo'i MOhI space motion mark motions in space-time 574 sovda sov so'a egg x1 is an egg/ovum/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from organism [mother/father] x2[(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): ovoid, oblate (= pevyso'aseltai, but better: claboi); egg, specifically female (= fetso'a), of a bird (= cpifetso'a, cpiso'a), of a chicken (= jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi]; (cf. ganti, gutra, mamta, patfu, rorci, tsiju, lanbi, tarbi; also djine, konju for shape, tarbi) 575 natmi nat nai nation x1 is a nation/ethnic group of peoples x2; [people sharing a history/culture](cf. jecta, kulnu, lanzu, gugde, bangu, cecmu) 576 ruble rub ble weak x1 is weak/feeble/frail in property/quality/aspect x2 (ka) by standard x3(cf. carmi, vlipa, tsali, kandi, kandi, milxe) 577 cacra hour x1 is x2 hours in duration (default is 1 hour) by standard x3(cf. junla, mentu, snidu, tcika, temci) 578 rebla reb tail x1 is a/the tail/appendix [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: trailing, following portion/appendage](cf. nalci, pimlu, se lidne, trixe, birka, jimca) 579 mensi mes me'i sister x1 is a sister of/sororal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necessarily biological](cf. bruna, tunba, tamne, famti) 580 sonci son soi soldier x1 is a soldier/warrior/fighter of army x2(cf. bilni, damba, jenmi, xarci, pulji) 581 manci mac wonder x1 feels wonder/awe/marvels about x2(cf. cinmo, makfa, kucli, spaji, cinri, banli, sisku) 582 ranji ra'i continue x1 (event/state) continues/persists over interval x2; x1 (property - ka) is continuous over x2(cf. temci, kuspe, renvi, cedra, citsi, manfo, vitci, cukla, fliba, preja, tcena) 583 di KOhA1 something 3 logically quantified existential pro-sumti: there exists something 3 (usually restricted) 584 tanbo ta'o board x1 is a board/plank [3-dimensional long flat rectangle] of material x2(cf. bliku, kubli) 585 cmila mi'a laugh x1 laughs (emotional expression)[x1 laughs at x2 (= mi'afra)]; (cf. ckasu, frumu, xajmi, cisma) 586 de'u KOhA2 recent utterance pro-sumti: a recent utterance 587 dinju dij di'u building x1 is a building/edifice for purpose x2(cf. ginka, zdani, zarci) 588 cmoni cmo co'i moan x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property)[also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] (cf. krixa, bacru, cusku, cortu) 589 fatci fac fact x1 (du'u) is a fact/reality/truth/actuality, in the absolute(cf. datni, jitfa, sucta, xanri, jetnu, fasnu, zasti, cfika, saske) 590 plipe pip pi'e leap x1 (agent/object) leaps/jumps/springs/bounds to x2 from x3 reaching height x4 propelled by x5[place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a route-like expression]; (cf. bajra, stapa, cpare, lafti) 591 kinli kil sharp x1 is sharp/keen at locus x2(cf. balre, dakfu, jesni) 592 cau BAI lacked by claxu modal, 1st place lacked by ... 593 culno clu full x1 is full/completely filled with x2(cf. tisna, kunti, mulno, setca, tisna) 594 serti ser stairs x1 are stairs/stairway/steps for climbing structure x2 with steps x3(cf. stapa, loldi, senta) 595 levi LE* this here located descriptor: descriptive this-here (non-demonstrative) 596 ga GA fore or logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal or (with gi) 597 mipri mip secret x1 keeps x2 secret/hidden from x3 by method x4; x2 is a secret; x1 hides/conceals x2[intransitive hidden/secret, without an agent (= selcri or nalterju'o); secret (= selmipri)]; (cf. stace, mifra, sivni, djuno, cirko, jarco) 598 vlipa vli powerful x1 has the power to bring about x2 under conditions x3; x1 is powerful in aspect x2 under x3[also potent, has control/mastery]; (cf. tsali, jitro, ruble) 599 vitke vi'e guest x1 is a guest/visitor of x2 at place/event x3; x1 visits x2/x3(cf. friti, klama, zasni, xabju, zvati) 600 lalxu la'u lake x1 is a lake/lagoon/pool at site/within land mass x2(cf. daplu, djacu, rirxe, xamsi, zbani) 601 kunti kut empty x1 [container] is empty/vacant of x2 [material]; x1 is hollow[also vacuum (= kunti be roda/so'ada)]; (cf. culno, tisna, claxu, canlu, kevna, setca) 602 clite lit polite x1 is polite/courteous/civil in matter x2 according to standard/custom x3[also formal, ritual]; (cf. ritli) 603 xekri xek xe'i black x1 is black/extremely dark-colored [color adjective](cf. blabi, grusi, manku, skari, xekri, kandi, carmi, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu) 604 panzi paz offspring x1 is a [biological] offspring/child/kid/hybrid of parent(s) x2; (adjective:) x1 is filial(cf. grute, verba, bersa, tixnu, se rorci, patfu) 605 risna heart x1 is a/the heart [body-part] of x2; [emotional/shape metaphors are NOT culturally neutral][(adjective:) x1 is cardiac; emotional 'heart' (= cnise'i)]; (cf. pambe, ciblu) 606 sanmi sai meal x1 (mass) is a meal composed of dishes including x2[x2 is a course/dish of meal x1 (= selsai for reordered places)]; (cf. barja, stasu, gusta, sanso) 607 darsi audacity x1 shows audacity/chutzpah in behavior x2 (event/activity); x1 dares to do/be x2 (event/ka)[x1 is bold]; (cf. virnu) 608 tarti tra behave x1 behaves/conducts oneself as/in-manner x2 (event/property) under conditions x3[also (adjective:) x1 is behavioral]; (cf. cnano, frati, tcaci, cilce, jikca, marde) 609 cange cag farm x1 is a farm/ranch at x2, farmed by x3, raising/producing x4; (adjective:) x1 is agrarian[also grange; farming is any organized agrarian activity, not limited to plant crops]; (cf. purdi, nurma, ferti, foldi, xarju) 610 minra mir reflect x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1[also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection]; (cf. catlu, viska, lenjo, pensi) 611 fanza faz annoy x1 (event) annoys/irritates/bothers/distracts x2[also: is disruptive to]; (cf. fengu, raktu, dicra, tunta, zunti, jicla) 612 prami pam pa'i love x1 loves/feels strong affectionate devotion towards x2 (object/state)[also: x1 is loving towards x2, x1 is a lover of x2 (one sense), x2 is beloved by x1 (= selpa'i for reordered places)]; (cf. cinmo, xebni, nelci, djica, sinma, pluka, kurji, pendo, speni) 613 romoi MOI* is last among quantified selbri: is final among; convert all to ordinal selbri; x1 is last among x2, rule x3 614 fo'i KOhA4 it-8 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #8 (specified by goi) 615 ga'u FAhA2 above location tense relation/direction; upwards/up from ... 616 crino ri'o green x1 is green/verdant [color adjective](cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, cicna) 617 gluta glu glove x1 is a mitten/glove [hand and lower arm garment] of material x2[mitten (= degycauglu)]; (cf. taxfu) 618 tadji method x1 [process] is a method/technique/approach/means for doing x2 (event) under conditions x3[also practice/way/mode; style/manner/conduct (= tratadji); pattern (= montadji, tadjymo'a, or platadji, tadjypla)]; (cf. ciste, pruce, zukte, pluta, cmavo list tai) 619 munje muj mu'e universe x1 is a universe/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by rules x3[also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which comprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe]; (cf. ciste, plini, kensa, mulno) 620 tcita label x1 is a label/tag of x2 showing information x3(cf. sinxa, cmene, judri) 621 ki'anai UI*6 understanding non-question: understanding of something said 622 li'o UI3a omitted text discursive: omitted text (quoted material) 623 cerni cer morning x1 is a morning [dawn until after typical start-of-work for locale] of day x2 at location x3[this morning (= cabdeicerni); tomorrow morning (= bavlamcerni); yesterday morning (= prulamcerni, prulamdeicerni)](cf. vanci, murse, tcika) 624 nibli nib ni'i necessitate x1 logically necessitates/entails/implies action/event/state x2 under rules/logic system x3(cf. natfe, rinka, mukti, krinu, cmavo list ni'i, jalge, logji) 625 lerfu ler le'u letteral x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representing x3[also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol]; (cf. mifra, namcu, sinxa, pandi) 626 skicu ski describe x1 tells about/describes x2 (object/event/state) to audience x3 with description x4 (property)(cf. lisri, tavla) 627 torni ton to'i twist x1 twists under load/force/torsion x2(cf. tinsa, trati) 628 so'iroi ROI* many times tense interval modifier: many times; objective tense; defaults as time tense 629 surla sur relax x1 relaxes/rests/is at ease in/by doing/being x2 (activity)(cf. dunku, tatpi, cando, vreta) 630 rufsu ruf rough x1 is rough/coarse/uneven/[grainy/scabrous/rugged] in texture/regularity[fine-textured (= tolrufsu)]; (cf. xutla, tengu, vitci) 631 no'e NAhE scalar midpoint not midpoint scalar negator: neutral point between je'a and to'e; "not really" 632 po GOI is specific to restrictive relative phrase marker: which is specific to ...; normal possessive physical/legal 633 cidni cid knee x1 is a/the knee/elbow/knuckle [hinged joint, body-part] of limb x2 of body x3[metaphor: a sharp bend/curve] (cf. korcu, jarco, jganu) 634 pleji lej le'i pay x1 pays/compensates/remunerates/[rewards] payment x2 to recipient/payee x3 for goods/services x4 [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle'i, posyvelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (= jerle'i, lejyjbera)]; (cf. canja, cnemu, friti, kargu, vecnu, jdima, prali, jerna, sfasa, dunda, jinga, dapma; see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, cirko, dirba) 635 mu'u BAI exemplified by mupli modal, 1st place exemplified by ... 636 vasxu vax va'u breathe x1 breathes/respires x2 [gas](though used to make the Lojban word, clue word vascular is erroneous, actually pertaining to the circulatory system that carries the respired oxygen to the tissues); (cf. fepri, kijno, vacri) 637 kanro ka'o healthy x1 is healthy/fit/well/in good health by standard x2(cf. bilma, mikce) 638 .io UI1 respect attitudinal: respect - disrespect (cf. sinma) 639 di'i TAhE regularly tense interval modifier: regularly; subjective tense/modal; defaults as time tense 640 lindi lid lightning x1 is lightning/electrical arc/thunderbolt striking at/extending to x2 from x3[also thunder (= lidysna)]; (cf. dikca) 641 so'e PA4 most digit/number: most 642 matne butter x1 is a quantity of/contains butter/oleo/margarine/shortening from source x2[(adjective:) x1 is buttery; an edible fat, solid but spreadable at normal temperatures; dairy butter (= ladmatne)]; (cf. grasu, kruji) 643 ga'i UI5 hauteur attitudinal modifier/honorific: hauteur - equal rank - meekness; used with one of lower rank (cf. gapru, cnita) 644 stapa tap step x1 steps/treads on/in surface x2 using limbs x3(cf. bajra, plipe, cadzu, serti) 645 .a'a UI1 attentive attitudinal: attentive - inattentive - avoiding (cf. jundi, rivbi) 646 jorne jon jo'e joined x1 is joined to/connects to/is united with x2 at common locus x3; x1 and x2 are a union[also joined/fastened/attached by joint x3/by means of x3/with fastener x3; fastener (= jo'etci, jonvelyla'a); train, sequence of joined objects (= jonpoi; porjo'e for a single object joined into a sequence)]; (cf. lasna, fenso, kansa, pencu, penmi) 647 kerlo ker ear x1 is a/the ear [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus, information gathering][(adjective:) x1 is aural]; (cf. kanla, savru, smaji, tirna, ractu) 648 cripu rip bridge x1 is a bridge/span over/across x2 between x3 and x4 [unordered, typically destination first](cf. bargu, kruca, ragve, kuspe) 649 xrani xai injure x1 (event) injures/harms/damages victim x2 in property x3 (ka) resulting in injury x4 (state)[also hurts]; (cf. cortu, daspo, spofu, katna, porpi) 650 tubnu tu'u tube x1 is a length of tubing/pipe/hollow cylinder [shape/form] of material x2, hollow of material x3 [also tube, sleeve, leg, hose, (adjective:) tubular]; (cf. kevna, canlu) 651 kavbu kav capture x1 captures/catches/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3[catch something thrown (= rerkavbu)]; (cf. jersi, kalte, pinfu, sisku, se rinju) 652 jetnu jet je'u true x1 (du'u) is true/truth by standard/epistemology/metaphysics x2[words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. stace, jitfa, fatci, birti, cfika) 653 junla jul clock x1 is clock/watch/timer measuring time units x2 to precision x3 with timing mechanism/method x4[also timepiece]; (cf. cacra, mentu, snidu, tcika, temci) 654 dandu dad hang x1 hangs/dangles/is suspended from x2 by/at/with joint x3[pendant (= dadja'i); also dependent (original meaning)] (cf. lasna, jorne) 655 ce'o JOI in a sequence with non-logical connective: ordered sequence link; "and then", forming a sequence 656 bersa bes be'a son x1 is a son of mother/father/parents x2 [not necessarily biological][also filial]; (cf. verba, nanla, nakni, nanmu, patfu, mamta, bruna, rirni, rorci, panzi, tixnu) 657 damba dab da'a fight x1 fights/combats/struggles with x2 over issue x3 (abstract); x1 is a fighter/combatant[use x3 tu'a for fight over an object/objective]; (cf. bradi, gunta, talsa, darlu, fapro, jamna, sonci) 658 kajde jde warn x1 (event/experience) warns/cautions x2 (person) of/about danger x3 (event/state/property)[agentive warning (= jdegau, jdezu'e); an attempt to warn which may not succeed (= jdetoi, jdegautoi, jdezuktoi)]; (cf. ckape, nupre, snura, tcica, xlura) 659 ki'o PA3 number comma digit/number: number comma; thousands 660 danmo dam smoke x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of smoke/smog/air pollution from source x2[x2 may be a fire]; (cf. pulce, gapci, sigja, bumru) 661 lerci lec late x1 (event) is late by standard x2(cf. clira) 662 vrici miscellaneous x1 (set/mass/ind.) is miscellaneous/various/assorted in property x2 (ka)(cf. klesi, girzu, frica, simsa, panra) 663 xadni xad body x1 is a/the body/corpus/corpse of x2; (adjective:) x1 is corporal/corporeal(cf. menli, pruxi, sluji, mulno, cutne) 664 vanci vac evening x1 is an evening [from end-of-work until sleep typical for locale] of day x2 at location x3[this evening (= cabvanci); tomorrow evening (= bavlamvanci); yesterday evening (= prulamvanci)]; (cf. cerni, murse, tcika) 665 xarju xaj pig x1 is a pig/hog/swine/[boar] [pork/ham/bacon-producer] of species/breed x2[sow (= fetxarju), boar (= nakyxarju), pork (= xajre'u), piglet (= citxarju)]; (cf. mabru, cange) 666 javni jva rule x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3[regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated]; (cf. flalu, ritli, cmavo list ja'i, marde, tcaci, tinbe, zekri) 667 ctino ti'o shadow x1 is a shadow/the shade of object x2, made by light/energy source x3(cf. manku, gusni) 668 lamji lam la'i adjacent x1 is adjacent/beside/next to/in contact with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4[also touching, contiguous, against]; (cf. zvati, cpana, jibni, diklo, stuzi, bartu, jbini) 669 patfu paf pa'u father x1 is a father of x2; x1 begets/sires/acts paternal towards x2; [not necessarily biological](cf. mamta, rirni, rorci, tarbi, dzena, famti, panzi, bersa, sovda) 670 ralju ral principal x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka)[staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)]; (cf. vajni, te bende, minde, lidne, jatna, jitro, gidva, midju) 671 cipra cip test x1 (process/event) is a test for/proof of property/state x2 in subject x3 (individ./set/mass)[also examination, proxy measure, validation; (a set in x3 must be completely specified)]; (cf. ciksi, troci, jarco, pajni, saske) 672 minji mi'i machine x1 is a machine for use/function x2; [automated apparatus, without direct function control][also machinery/mechanism; a machine is initiated/triggered by an agent/force, but thereafter performs its function automatically; if self-directed, (a minji is an) entity (= zukte)]; (cf. cabra, matra, tutci, zukte, pilno, skami) 673 brife bif bi'e breeze x1 is a breeze/wind/gale from direction x2 with speed x3; x1 blows from x2(cf. tcima) 674 linsi lin chain x1 is a length of chain/links of material x2 with link properties x3(cf. skori) 675 tanxe tax ta'e box x1 is a box/carton/trunk/crate for contents x2, and made of material x3(cf. bakfu, botpi, cutne, dacru) 676 gacri gai cover x1 is a cover/[lid/top] for covering/concealing/sheltering x2(cf. pilka, gapru, marbi, drudi, ve botpi, bitmu, calku) 677 ne'a FAhA3 next to location tense relation/direction; approximating/next to ... 678 jmaji jaj gather x1 (mass/jo'u) gathers/collects at location x2 from locations x3 (mass/jo'u)[also focus (= seljmaji)]; (cf. crepu) 679 xadba xab half x1 is exactly/approximately half/semi-/demi-/hemi- of x2 by standard x3(cf. mulno, pagbu) 680 flecu fle flow x1 is a current/flow/river of/in x2 flowing in direction to/towards x3 from direction/source x4[x1 is a stream of x2; x2 is a fluid [gas or liquid] (= selfle for reordered places); x1 flushes toward x3; flush (= caifle, sukfle)]; (cf. rirxe, senta where no directionality is implied, rinci, xampo, dikca, sakci, gapci, litki, ciblu) 681 .u'inai UI*1 weariness attitudinal: amusement - weariness 682 sera'a BAI* concerning srana modal, 2nd place (pertaining to) relevantly; concerning ... (less specific) 683 xenru xer xe'u regret x1 regrets/rues (abstraction) x2; x1 is regretful/rueful/sorry/[remorseful] about x2[also: x1 feels remorse about x2 (= zugyxe'u)]; (cf. cmavo list .u'u, zungi) 684 jicmu cmu basis x1 is a basis/foundation/underlying or fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the bottom of x2[x2 is founded on basis x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); (adjective:) x1 is basic/basal/fundamental); (generally events and properties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be bases/bottoms for objects)]; (cf. cmavo list ji'u, jamfu, zbepi, genja, krasi) 685 fu FA 5th sumti place sumti place tag: tag 5th sumti place 686 kecti kec ke'i pity x1 (person) pities/feels sorry for x2 (person) about x3 (abstraction)(cf. cinmo, xendo) 687 zgike zgi gi'e music x1 is music performed/produced by x2 (event)[x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, musical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sagzgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); composed music (= finzgi)]; (cf. damri, dansu, flani, janbe, jgita, pipno, rilti, tabra, tonga, xagri, siclu) 688 mabla mal derogative x1 is a derogative connotation/sense of x2 used by x3; x3 derogates/'curses at' x2 in form x1[bloody (British sense), fucking, shit, goddamn]; (cf. palci, dapma, xlali, zabna, funca, ganti, ganxo, gletu, gutra, kalci, pinca, pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi, zargu) 689 prane pa'e perfect x1 is perfect/ideal/archetypical/faultless/flawless/un-improvable in property/aspect x2 (ka)[also without defect/error]; (cf. manfo, curve, traji, cfila, mulno) 690 cukla cuk round x1 is round/circular [2-dimensional shape/form]; x1 is a disk/circle/ring[normally used for a filled-in circle/disk, but emphasis on roundness means that the concept may include 'ring']; (cf. djine, ranji, bolci, tarmi) 691 claxu cau without x1 is without/lacking/free of/lacks x2; x1 is x2-less(cf. cmavo list cau, cirko, kunti, nitcu, pindi, banzu) 692 ganlo ga'o closed x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is closed/shut/not open, preventing passage/access to x2 by x3[as a doorway, but also perhaps a semi-permeable membrane]; (cf. kalri, pagre, canko, vorme, zunti) 693 mu'e NU1 point-event abstract abstractor: achievement (event) abstractor; x1 is the event-as-a-point/achievement of [bridi] 694 cu'u BAI as said by cusku modal, 1st place (attribution/quotation) as said by source ...; used for quotation 695 katna ka'a cut x1 (tool/blade/force) cuts [through]/splits/divides x2 (object) into pieces x3[for x1 force, it is a force acting as a blade, not acting upon a blade; agentive cutting (= ka'argau, ka'arzu'e)]; (cf. kakpa, sraku for cutting into without division; plixa, dakfu, jinci, porpi, spofu, tunta, xrani, fatri, fendi, balre, dilcu) 696 sedu'u NU* sentence abstract compound abstractor: sentence/equation abstract; x1 is text expressing [bridi] which is x2 697 janco jan shoulder x1 is a/the shoulder/hip/joint [body-part] attaching limb/extremity x2 to body x3(cf. birka) 698 su SU erase discourse erase to start of discourse or text; drop subject or start over 699 vu VA yonder at location tense distance: far from ... ; yonder at ... ; a long distance from ... 700 xe SE 5th conversion 5th conversion; switch 1st/5th places 701 denmi dem dense x1 is dense/concentrated/packed/intense in property x2 (ka) at location/locus x3(cf. carmi, midju, viknu) 702 ki KI tense default tense/modal: set/use tense default; establishes new open scope space/time/modal reference base 703 .u'e UI1 wonder attitudinal: wonder - commonplace (cf. manci, fadni) 704 xendo xed xe'o kind x1 (person) is kind to x2 in actions/behavior x3(cf. cinmo, kecti, pendo, kusru) 705 logji loj logic x1 [rules/methods] is a logic for deducing/concluding/inferring/reasoning to/about x2 (du'u)[also (adjective:) x1, x2 are logical]; (cf. nibli) 706 .u'a UI1 gain attitudinal: gain - loss (cf. jinga, selne'u, prali, cirko) 707 dargu dag road x1 is a road/highway to x2 from x3 with route x4 (x2/x3 may be unordered)[a regularly used, improved-for-use surface for travelling]; (cf. naxle, tcana, pluta, klaji) 708 kerfa kre hair x1 is a/the hair/fur [body-part] of x2 at body location x3(cf. skapi, sunla, pimlu) 709 bilma bi'a ill x1 is ill/sick/diseased with symptoms x2 from disease x3(cf. kanro, mikce, spita, senci, kafke, binra) 710 cortu cor cro pain x1 hurts/feels pain/hurt at locus x2(cf. cinmo, xrani) 711 jalge jag ja'e result x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent x2 (event/state/process)[also: x2 gives rise to x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = mekyja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)]; (cf. se mukti, te zukte, se rinka, se krinu, se nibli, mulno, sumji, pilji, mekso, cmavo list ja'e, ciksi) 712 cradi radio x1 broadcasts/transmits [using radio waves] x2 via station/frequency x3 to [radio] receiver x4[also x1 is a broadcaster]; (cf. tivni, benji, tcana) 713 .u A sumti whether logical connective: sumti afterthought whether-or-not 714 bi PA1 8 digit/number: 8 (digit) [eight] 715 blaci glass x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains glass of composition including x2(cf. kabri) 716 merko mer American x1 pertains to USA/American culture/nationality/dialect in aspect x2(cf. brito, bemro, ketco, xispo, glico) 717 ma'a KOhA3 we with you pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s) & you the listener(s) & others unspecified 718 lanzu laz family x1 (mass) is a family with members including x2 bonded/tied/joined according to standard x3[also clan, tribe; x2 is in x1, a member of x1 (selylanzu for reordered places); relative (= lazmi'u - xy mintu y'y leka cmima da poi lanzu)]; (cf. natmi, cmima, girzu, jutsi, klesi) 719 xrula rul flower x1 is a/the flower/blossom/bloom [body-part] of plant/species x2; (adjective:) x1 is floral(cf. spati) 720 sampu sap simple x1 is simple/unmixed/uncomplicated in property x2 (ka)(cf. pluja, curve, frili, manfo) 721 sa'a UI3a editorial insertion discursive: material inserted by editor/narrator (bracketed text) (cf. setca) 722 le'e LE the stereotypical non-veridical descriptor: the stereotype of those described as ... 723 fanta prevent x1 prevents/keeps/stops/restrains/constrains event x2 from occurring(cf. pinfu, bandu, zunti, rinju, jimte, bapli, rivbi) 724 nixli nix xli girl x1 is a girl [young female person] of age x2 immature by standard x3[word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)]; (cf. nanla, verba, ninmu) 725 stidi sid ti'i suggest x1 (agent) suggests/proposes idea/action x2 to audience x3; x1 (event) inspires x2 in/among x3[event which inspires/suggests/is suggestive (= faurti'i, sidyfau)]; (cf. cmavo list ti'i, tcica, xlura) 726 kalsa kas chaotic x1 is chaotic/disordered in property/aspect x2 (ka)(cf. cunso, cnici) 727 slilu sli oscillate x1 oscillates at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification)[also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves]; (cf. dikni, rilti, morna, desku, janbe, boxna) 728 .o A sumti iff logical connective: sumti afterthought biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if 729 stura tur su'a structure x1 is a structure/arrangement/organization of x2 [set/system/complexity](x2, if a set, is completely specified); (cf. ganzu, morna, ciste, lujvo, greku, gerna) 730 ckana cka bed x1 is a bed/pallet of material x2 for holding/supporting x3 (person/object/event)(cf. kamju, kicne, nilce, palta, cpana, vreta, jubme, stizu, matci, zbepi, palne, sarji) 731 lafti laf lift x1 (force) lifts/applies raising/supporting force to x2 at locus x3 in gravity well x4[(x1 may be an abstract); verb lift/raise/elevate (= lafmuvgau)] (cf. farlu, plipe) 732 dikca dic electric x1 is electricity [electric charge or current] in/on x2 of polarity/quantity x3 (def. negative)[(x3, a quantifier, can be expressed as a simple polarity using the numerals for positive and negative ma'u and ni'u); (explicitly) negative (= dutydikca), positive (= mardikca); current (= (sel)muvdikca; again default negative/electron current), charge (= klodikca, stadikca)]; (cf. lindi, xampo, flecu, maksi, tcana) 733 srasu sas grass x1 is a blade/expanse of grass of species x2[lawn/meadow (= sasfoi)]; (cf. spati) 734 senci sec sneeze x1 sneezes (intransitive verb)(cf. bilma, kafke) 735 re'o FAhA3 adjacent to location tense relation/direction; adjacent to/touching/contacting ... 736 vreji rej vei record x1 is a record of x2 (data/facts/du'u) about x3 (object/event) preserved in medium x4(cf. sorcu, datni, papri) 737 dertu der de'u dirt x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of dirt/soil/earth/ground from source x2 of composition x3[also: x1 is earthen; x3: composition including x3, which need not be exhaustive of composition]; (cf. kliti, terdi, loldi) 738 salpo sa'o slope x1 is sloped/inclined/slanted/aslant with angle x2 to horizon/frame x3[also steep (= tcesa'o); normally implies non-rectilinear]; (cf. kurfa, tutci) 739 rinju ri'u restrain x1 is restrained/held [back]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event)[also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)]; (cf. zifre, ralte, pinfu, kavbu, fanta, jgari, jimte, bapli, curmi, kluza, tagji) 740 pe'a UI3c figurative marks a construct as figurative (non-literal/metaphorical) speech/text 741 speni spe married x1 is married to x2; x1 is a spouse of x2 under law/custom/tradition/system/convention x3(cf. prami, gletu) 742 pante pat protest x1 protests/objects to/complains about x2 (event/state) to audience x3 with action x4(x4 is an event or tu'a quotation) (cf. xarnu) 743 ba'a UI2 I anticipate evidential: I expect - I experience - I remember (cf. bavykri, lifri, morji) 744 pritu right x1 is to the right/right-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3[also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2]; (cf. cmavo list ri'u, mlana, crane, trixe, farna, zunle) 745 xaksu xak use up x1 (event) uses up/depletes/consumes/[wastes] x2 [resource][waste (= fesxaksu, dusxaksu)]; (cf. citka, festi, daspo, livla, pinxe) 746 basti bas replace x1 replaces/substitutes for/instead of x2 in circumstance x3; x1 is a replacement/substitute[also: x1 trades places with x2]; (cf. cmavo list ba'i, binra) 747 frica fic differ x1 differs/is distinct from/contrasts with/is unlike x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3[also other-than (less common meaning)]; (cf. ranxi, drata, dunli, simsa, vrici) 748 mi'e COI self-introduction self vocative: self-introduction - denial of identity; identifies speaker 749 go'a GOhA recent bridi pro-bridi: repeats a recent bridi (usually not the last 2) 750 cmavo ma'o structure word x1 is a structure word of grammatical class x2, with meaning/function x3 in usage (language) x4[x4 may be a specific usage (with an embedded language place) or a massified language description; x3 and x4 may be merely an example of cmavo usage or refer to an actual expression; cmavo list, if physical object (= (loi) ma'oste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new cmavo to the cmavo list = ma'orpoi, ma'orselcmi, ma'orselste)]; (cf. gismu, lujvo, gerna, smuni, valsi) 751 sarji sra support x1 supports/holds up/is underpinning of/[helps] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by means x4[also aids; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' or 'dependable'); (x2 is object/event)]; (cf. bradi, darlu, fapro, sidju, tugni, bongu, ckana, cpana, loldi, sanli, selfu) 752 skina kin cinema x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4[also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selxraci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)]; (cf. tivni, vidni, pixra, finti) 753 fau BAI in the event of fasnu modal, 1st place (non-causal) in the event of ... 754 .ianai UI*1 disbelief attitudinal: belief - skepticism - disbelief 755 tuple tup tu'e leg x1 is a/the leg [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: supporting branch](cf. stani, zbepi, jamfu, jimca, sanli) 756 tisna tis fill x1 (object) fills/becomes stuffed [up]/inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1[implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/become inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacyse'a); pour into (= liktisna, agentive likse'a)]; (cf. culno, kunti, rinci, setca) 757 xunre xun xu'e red x1 is red/crimson/ruddy [color adjective](cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, nukni, narju, rozgu, zirpu) 758 sudga sud dry x1 is dry of liquid x2; (adjective:) x1 is arid(cf. cilmo, litki, runta) 759 .ii UI1 fear attitudinal: fear - security (cf. terpa, snura) 760 sorcu soc sro store x1 is a store/deposit/supply/reserve of materials/energy x2 in containment x3[x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/location restriction; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2 that are not part of the store]; (cf. panka; vreji for information storage; sabji for a store or reserve that is not necessarily tied to a site, banxa, panka) 761 .ainai UI*1 refusal attitudinal: intent - indecision - rejection/refusal 762 narju naj orange x1 is orange [color adjective](cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, xunre, pelxu, solji) 763 ji'u BAI based on jicmu modal, 1st place (assumptions); given that ...; based on ... 764 grusi rus gray x1 is gray [color adjective](cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi) 765 friti fit offer x1 offers/proffers x2 [offering] to x3 with conditions x4[(x4 may be nu canja, nu pleji, etc.; an unconditional offering has the 'condition' of acceptance); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posfriti, posyselfriti for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. canja, dunda, rinsa, vecnu, jdima, cnemu, pleji, vitke) 766 fuzme fuz fu'e responsible x1 is responsible/accountable for x2 (action/resulting state) to judge/authority x3(cf. bilga) 767 pulce puc pu'e dust x1 is dust/precipitate [suspensible solid] from x2 in medium/on surface x3(cf. te zalvi, danmo, purmo, sligu) 768 zanru zar zau approve x1 approves of/gives favor to plan/action x2 (object/event)(cf. cmavo list zau, natfe) 769 sumti sum su'i argument x1 is a/the argument of predicate/function x2 filling place x3 (kind/number)(x1 and x2 are text); (cf. bridi, darlu, gismu) 770 pruxi rux ru'i spirit x1 is spiritual/pertains to the soul in nature [either energy or being]; x1 is ghostly/ethereal[also soul (= ruxse'i)]; (cf. censa, lijda, mucti, xadni) 771 senpi sen doubt x1 doubts/is dubious/doubtful/skeptical/questions that x2 (du'u) is true[also: x2 is doubtful/dubious/questionable (= selsenpi for reordered places)]; (cf. jinvi, krici, djuno, birti) 772 rarna rar natural x1 is natural/spontaneous/instinctive, not [consciously] caused by person(s)(cf. rutni, jinzi, nurma, stati) 773 lazni lazy x1 (person) is lazy/avoiding work/effort concerning action x2(cf. nejni, vreta, gunka) 774 ciste ci'e system x1 (mass) system interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set) displaying x4 (ka)[x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic functions/properties] (cf. cmavo list ci'e, cmima, girzu, gunma, stura, tadji, munje, farvi, ganzu, judri, julne, klesi, morna, tcana) 775 spati spa plant x1 is a plant/herb/greenery of species/strain/cultivar x2[also (adjective:) x1 is vegetable/vegetal/vegetative]; (cf. genja, grute, gurni, latna, rozgu, stagi, tricu, tsiju, tujli, xruba, xrula, pezli, srasu) 776 carna car turn x1 turns/rotates/revolves around axis x2 in direction x3[also revolve (= jincarna)]; (cf. gunro, jendu) 777 cupra pra produce x1 produces x2 [product] by process x3(cf. zbasu, farvi, gundi, jukpa) 778 jdika decrease x1 (experiencer) decreases/contracts/is reduced/diminished in property/quantity x2 by amount x3(cf. zenba, mleca, vimcu) 779 tcica tic deceive x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state)[agentive deception (= ticygau, ticyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= malticyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sezytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); fib/lie/tell an untruth/lie/fib (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)]; (cf. stace, xlura, stidi, kajde) 780 lu'a LAhE the individuals of the members of the set/components of the mass; converts another description type to individuals 781 rupnu rup ru'u dollar x1 is measured in major-money-units (dollar/yuan/ruble) as x2 (quantity), monetary system x3[also pound, rupee, franc, mark, yen; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (cf. jdini, sicni, jdima, vecnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu) 782 cikre repair x1 repairs/mends/fixes x2 for use x3[a repair may be incomplete, fixing only one of the possible uses of x2, hence x3]; (cf. cfila, spofu) 783 .einai UI*1 freedom attitudinal: obligation - freedom 784 pindi pid poor x1 is poor/indigent/impoverished/lacking in goods/possessions/property x2[x2 is scanty/meager/lacking for x1]; (cf. ricfu, claxu, nitcu, pikci) 785 gismu gim gi'u root word x1 is a (Lojban) root word expressing relation x2 among argument roles x3, with affix(es) x4[gismu list, if physical object (= (loi) gimste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new gismu to the gismu list = gimpoi, gimselcmi, gimselste)]; (cf. cmavo, cmene, lujvo, smuni, sumti, tanru, valsi) 786 do'e BAI unspecif modal elliptical/unspecified modal 787 to'i TO editorial unquote open editorial unquote (within a quote); contains grammatical text; mark with editorial insert 788 bloti lot blo lo'i boat x1 is a boat/ship/vessel [vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3(cf. falnu, fulta, marce, jatna, sabnu) 789 cabna cab now x1 is current at/in the present of/during/concurrent/simultaneous with x2 in time[(default x2 is the present resulting in:) x1 is now; time relationship only, 'aorist' claiming simultaneity does not mean one event does not extend into the past or future of the other] (cf. zvati, balvi, purci, cmavo list ca, cmavo list ca'a) 790 de'a ZAhO pausative event contour for a temporary halt and ensuing pause in a process 791 le'u LEhU end error quote end quote of questionable or out-of-context text; not elidable 792 cmana ma'a mountain x1 is a mountain/hill/mound/[rise]/[peak]/[summit]/[highlands] projecting from land mass x2(cf. punli, derxi) 793 solji slo gold x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of gold (Au); [metaphor: valuable, heavy, non-reactive](cf. ricfu, rijno, narju, pelxu) 794 jvinu vin ji'u view x1 is the view/scene/panorama/sight/prospect of x2 (object/location) from point-of-view x3[also x1 is on display to x2/x3]; (cf. catlu, kanla, viska, canko, jarco) 795 so'a PA4 almost all digit/number: almost all (digit/number) 796 tcaci cac custom x1 is a custom/habit/[ritual/rut] of x2 under conditions x3[also: x1 is customary/usual/the practice]; (cf. fadni, kampu, lakne, jinzi, ckaji, cnano, tarti, ritli, javni, zekri) 797 menli men mind x1 is a mind/intellect/psyche/mentality/[consciousness] of body x2[(adjective:) x1 is mental/psychological/a mental phenomenon; multiple personalities (= so'i menli)]; (cf. besna, morji, mucti, pensi, sanji, xanri, sevzi, xadni) 798 kai BAI characterizing ckaji modal, 1st place characterizing ... 799 cnici nic orderly x1 is orderly/neat/ordered in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni)(cf. cunso, kalsa) 800 ko'i KOhA4 it-3 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #3 (specified by goi) 801 pluja luj complicated x1 is complex/complicated/involved in aspect/property x2 (ka) by standard x3[also tangled, confused]; (cf. cfipu, banli, sampu, jgena) 802 lumci lum lu'i wash x1 (agent) washes/cleanses x2 of soil/contaminant x3 in/with cleaning material(s) x4[agentless washing/cleansing (= cuvbi'o, jisybi'o)]; (cf. djacu, jinru, litki, zbabu, jinsa, curve) 803 sirji sir straight x1 is straight/direct/line segment/interval between x2 and x3; (adjective:)x1 is linear (cf. korcu, linji, kruvi, kuspe) 804 ru'inai TAhE* occasionally tense interval modifier: occasional/intermittent/discontinuous; defaults as time tense 805 lasna la'a fasten x1 (agent) fastens/connects/attaches/binds/lashes x2 to x3 with fastener x4[no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached];(cf. jorne, fenso, jgena, batke, dinko, kansa) 806 pulji police x1 is a police officer/[enforcer/vigilante] enforcing law(s)/rule(s)/order x2[police officer, as an agent of authority (= ca'irpulji, ka'irpulji), as part of a police force (= puljysoi, as part of puljyselsoi); military police (= jempulji, bilpulji)]; (cf. catni, sonci, bilni, flalu, bandu, jemna, zekri, krati) 807 lakne la'e probable x1 (event/state/property) is probable/likely under conditions x2(cf. cumki, jinzi, kampu, tcaci, cunso, cafne, fadni, cnano) 808 farna far fa'a direction x1 is the direction of x2 (object/event) from origin/in frame of reference x3[x2 is towards x1 from x3 (= selfa'a for reordered places)]; (cf. zunle, pritu, galtu, gapru, cnita, dizlo, berti, snanu, stuna, stici, purci, balvi, lidne) 809 judri address x1 is an address of/are coordinates of x2 in system x3(cf. tcita, cmene, ciste, stuzi) 810 palci pac evil x1 is evil/depraved/wicked [morally bad] by standard x2(cf. zekri, vrude, xlali, marde, mabla) 811 jitro tro control x1 has control over/harnesses/manages/directs/conducts x2 in x3 (activity/event/performance)[x2 are aspects/individuals controlled within activity/event x3; manage (= selzuktro, selzukfu'e, gu'etro, gunfu'e, xaktro, xakfu'e) (as distinct from manager/boss = gunterbe'e, gunja'a, gunmi'e, gunca'i)]; (cf. cmavo list ji'o, bapli, te bende, gidva - which does not necessarily control or command, jatna, macnu, minde, ponse, ralju, rinka, sazri, turni, vlipa, xance, xlura) 812 jibri jib job x1 is a job/occupation/employment/vocation (a type of work regularly done for pay) of person x2[working for another (= selplijibri)]; (cf. briju, gunka, te jerna which is employment specifically for pay and not specifically for another, te pilno which is employment not necessarily for pay and not necessarily regular or lasting but for another, se gasnu and se zukte for incidental activities) 813 .ienai UI*1 disagreement attitudinal: agreement - disagreement 814 cunso cun cu'o random x1 is random/fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution x3[also accidental, chancy, by chance, adventitious, arbitrary (also = cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredictable")]; (cf. cnici, lakne, funca, kalsa, snuti) 815 kruca kuc intersect x1 intersects/crosses/traverses x2 at locus x3(cf. cripu, ragve) 816 ve'a VEhA small space interval location tense interval: a small/medium region of space 817 pajni pai judge x1 judges/referees/arbitrates/is a judge determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract)[x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/arbitrate (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)]; (cf. cuxna, jdice, vajni, cipra, zekri, manri, mansa) 818 .o'onai UI*1 anger attitudinal: patience - mere tolerance - anger 819 lo'u LOhU error quote start questionable/out-of-context quote; text should be Lojban words, but needn't be grammatical 820 po'e GOI which belongs to restrictive relative phrase marker: which belongs to ... ; inalienable possession 821 ra'a BAI pertained to by srana modal, 1st place pertained to by ... (generally more specific) 822 cecmu cem ce'u community x1 is a community/colony of organisms x2(cf. bende, kulnu, natmi, tcadu, jecta, girzu) 823 ganse gas ga'e sense x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4[x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel]; (cf. pencu, sanji, viska, sumne, tirna, zgana, canci, simlu) 824 zu'u UI3 on the one hand discursive: on the one hand - on the other hand (cf. karbi, frica. dukti) 825 sekai BAI* with property ckaji modal, 2nd place (quality) characterized by ...; with property ... 826 pezli pez leaf x1 is a leaf of plant x2; x1 is foliage of x2(cf. tricu, papri, spati) 827 sabji sab provide x1 [source] provides/supplies/furnishes x2 [supply/commodity] to x3 [recipient][agentive supply (= sabgau, sabzu'e)]; (cf. krasi, sorcu) 828 gi'a GIhA bridi or logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought or 829 jo JA tanru iff logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if 830 gunta gut attack x1 (person/mass) attacks/invades/commits aggression upon victim x2 with goal/objective x3(cf. bradi, damba, darxi, jamna, jenca, jursa) 831 mu'o COI over vocative: over (response OK) - more to come 832 fraxu fax forgive x1 forgives x2 for event/state/activity x3(cf. dunda, curmi, zungi) 833 pa'o FAhA3 transfixing location tense relation/direction; transfixing/passing through ... 834 jdini din di'i money x1 is money/currency issued by x2; (adjective:) x1 is financial/monetary/pecuniary/fiscal['currency' sometimes is restricted to paper money (= pledi'i)]; (cf. fepni, jdima, rupnu, sicni, canja, rupnu) 835 tu'e TUhE start text scope start of multiple utterance scope; used for logical/non-logical/ordinal joining of sentences 836 mo'o MAI section ordinal higher-order utterance ordinal suffix; converts a number to ordinal, usually a section/chapter 837 sefta sfe surface x1 is surface/face [bounded shape/form] of [higher-dimension] object x2, on side x3, edges x4[also x4 bounds]; (cf. crane, flira, plita, bliku) 838 cnebo neb ne'o neck x1 is a/the neck [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: a relatively narrow point](cf. galxe, cutne) 839 rozgu roz zgu rose x1 is a rose [flower - characterized by prickly stem/fragrance] of species/strain x2[roses are not all pink; avoid using for color rose, which might be labyxu'e]; (cf. spati, xunre) 840 darlu dau argue x1 argues for stand x2 against stand x3; [an opponent is not necessary](cf. fapro, jamna, sarji, talsa, sumti, tugni, casnu, damba, bradi, tavla) 841 si'a UI3b similarly discursive: similarly (cf. simsa, panra) 842 cilce cic wild (adjective:) x1 is wild/untamed[tame (= tolcilce)]; (cf. pinfu, panpi, tarti) 843 pau UI3a question follows discursive: optional question premarker (cf. preti) 844 cilmo cim moist x1 is moist/wet/damp with liquid x2(cf. litki, lunsa, sudga) 845 renvi rev re'i survive x1 survives/endures/undergoes/abides/lasts/persists through x2 for interval/duration x3[also lasts out, withstands; x1 persists/lasts for duration x3; (adjective:) x1 is tough/durable]; (cf. ranji, kuspe, randa, lifri, stali, temci) 846 catke ca'e shove x1 [agent] shoves/pushes x2 at locus x3[move by pushing/shoving (= ca'ermuvgau)]; (cf. danre for non-agentive force, lacpu) 847 daspo spo destroy x1 (event) destroys/ruins/wrecks/despoils x2; x1 is destructive(cf. spofu, xrani, marxa, zalvi, xaksu) 848 ro'o UI4 physical emotion category/modifier: physical - denying physical (cf. xadni) 849 sarcu sa'u necessary x1 (abstract) is necessary/required for continuing state/process x2 under conditions x3[also factually necessary, necessity, prerequisite, condition, precondition]; (cf. cmavo list sau, nitcu) 850 ckasu cas ridicule x1 ridicules/mocks/scoffs at x2 about x3 (property/event) by doing activity x4 (event)(cf. cmila) 851 vecnu ven ve'u sell x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x3 for amount/cost/expense x4[x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posyve'u, posyselve'u for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. canja, dunda, janta, pleji, jerna, kargu, prali, zarci, vamji, jdima; see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, fepni, friti, jerna, rupnu) 852 ga'inai UI*5 meekness attitudinal modifier/honorific: hauteur - equal rank - meekness; used with one of higher rank 853 degji deg finger x1 is a/the finger/digit/toe [body-part] on limb/body site x2 of body x3; [metaphor: peninsula][finger (= xandegji), toe (= jmadegji)]; (cf. nazbi, tamji, tance, xance), 854 va'i UI3 in other words discursive: in other words - in the same words (cf. cneselsku) 855 smadi guess x1 guesses/conjectures/surmises x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology][also: x1 has a hunch that x2 is true; x1 imagines x2 is true; words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. djuno, facki, jijnu, sruma) 856 du'e PA4 too many digit/number: too many; subjective 857 dunku duk du'u anguish x1 is anguished/distressed/emotionally wrought/stressed by x2(cf. fengu, surla) 858 cenba cne vary x1 varies/changes in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 under conditions x4[non-resultative, not-necessarily agentive change]; (cf. cenba which is non-resultative, galfi which is resultative and agentive, stika which is non-resultative and agentive; stodi, zasni, binxo) 859 kojna koj ko'a corner x1 is a corner/point/at-least-3-dimensional [solid] angle [shape/form] in/on x2, of material x3[also apex; a corner exists on three dimensions but need not be limited to points; it suggests a discontinuity in slope in some direction; i.e. in some planar cross-section]; (cf. jipno, konju, bliku, fanmo, jganu, krasi) 860 birti bit certain x1 is certain/sure/positive/convinced that x2 is true(cf. jetnu, jinvi, krici, djuno, senpi, sruma) 861 cpina pungent x1 is pungent/piquant/peppery/spicy/irritating to sense x2[also prickly (= pecycpina)]; (cf. vrusi, kukte, cidja, panci, sumne) 862 tunta tun poke x1 (object, usually pointed) pokes/jabs/stabs/prods x2 (experiencer)[agentive (= tungau, tunzu'e)]; (cf. balre, dakfu, darxi, fanza, jicla, katna, tikpa) 863 to'o FAhA4 away from point location tense relation/direction; departing from/directly away from ... 864 cmaci mathematics x1 is a mathematics of type/describing x2(cf. mekso) 865 jatna ja'a captain x1 is captain/commander/leader/in-charge/boss of vehicle/domain x2(cf. jitro, lidne, te bende, minde, ralju, gidva, bloti) 866 bi'u UI3a new information discursive: newly introduced information - previously introduced information (cf. nindatni, saurdatni) 867 rectu rec re'u meat x1 is a quantity of/contains meat/flesh from source/animal x2(cf. sluji) 868 stela tel lock x1 is a lock/seal of/on/for sealing x2 with/by locking mechanism x3(cf. ckiku) 869 detri det date x1 is the date [day,{week},{month},year] of event/state x2, at location x3, by calendar x4(time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi); (cf. cmavo list de'i, djedi, jeftu, masti, nanca, tcika) 870 ckire kir grateful x1 is grateful/thankful to/appreciative of x2 for x3 (event/property)[also gratitude (= nunckire or kamckire)]; (cf. cinmo, friti, pluka) 871 .i'e UI1 approval attitudinal: approval - non-approval - disapproval (cf. zanru) 872 lijda jda religion x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3[also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda); congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)]; (cf. budjo, censa, cevni, crida, dadjo, jegvo, krici, latna, malsi, marde, muslo, pruxi, ranmi, ritli, xriso, zekri) 873 ju JA tanru whether logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought whether-or-not 874 .o'i UI1 caution attitudinal: caution - rashness (cf. capyrivbi, capfanta, srerivbi, srefanta, naldarsi, seljde) 875 vi'o COI wilco vocative: wilco (ack and will comply) 876 fapro fap pro oppose x1 opposes/balances/contends against opponent(s) x2 (person/force ind./mass) about x3 (abstract) [also resists]; (cf. bandu, bradi, darlu, damba, jivna, lanxe, rivbi, sarji, xarnu) 877 lu'e LAhE the symbol for the symbol for (indirect discourse); uses the symbol/word(s) for a sumti as the desired sumti 878 su'a UI2 I generalize evidential: I generalize - I particularize; discursive: abstractly - concretely (cf. sucta, sucni'i) 879 jamna jam war x1 (person/mass) wars against x2 over territory/matter x3; x1 is at war with x2(cf. bradi, gunta, panpi, damba, darlu) 880 fendi fed divide x1 (agent) divides/partitions/separates x2 into sections/parts/ind. x3 by method/partition x4[also segments]; (cf. sepli, bitmu, fatri, dilcu, katna, frinu) 881 zekri zer zei crime x1 (event/state) is a crime/[taboo/offense/sin] to people/culture/judges/jury x28d 24 [luzei, cacyzei); sin (= madzei, jdamadzei); heresy (= jdazei)]; (cf. flalu, sfasa, zungi, palci, lijda, pajni, javni, tcaci, marde, pulji, tinbe) 882 rai BAI with superlative traji modal, 1st place with superlative ... 883 ga'a BAI to observer zgana modal, 1st place to observer ... ; witnessed by ... 884 lidne li'e precede x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/following[also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)]; (cf. cmavo list li'e, balvi, ralju, rebla, purci for time sequence, jersi, porsi, jatna, farna) 885 natfe naf na'e deny x1 (du'u) contradicts/denies/refutes/negates x2 (du'u) under rules/logic x3[also exception (= nafmupli); agentive contradict/deny (= nafxu'a or tolxu'a)]; (cf. nibli, tugni, zanru, xusra) 886 spoja poj po'a explode x1 bursts/explodes/violently breaks up/decomposes/combusts into pieces/energy/fragments x2(cf. cecla, jakne, jbama) 887 saske ske science x1 (mass of facts) is science of/about subject matter x2 based on methodology x3[not limited to science as derived by the scientific method, but pertaining to any body of usually-coherent knowledge garnered/gathered/assembled by a consistent methodology]; (cf. datni, fatci, djuno, cipra, pensi, jimpe) 888 sazri saz operate x1 operates/drives/runs x2 [apparatus/machine] with goal/objective/use/end/function x3(cf. gidva, xlura, pilno, tutci, jitro, gunka) 889 makfa maf magic x1 is magic/supernatural/sorcery/witchcraft/wizardry to x2, performed by person/force/deity x3(cf. krici, manci) 890 cuxna cux cu'a choose x1 chooses/selects x2 [choice] from set/sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set)[also prefer (= nelcu'a)]; (cf. jdice, pajni, nelci) 891 ja'i BAI by rule javni modal, 1st place (by standard 1) orderly; by rule ... 892 tumla tum tu'a land x1 is a parcel/expanse of land at location x2; x1 is terrain(cf. vacri, xamsi; tutra, which need not be land, gugde, xamsi) 893 go'e GOhA penultimate bridi pro-bridi: repeats the next to last bridi 894 re'i COI ready to receive vocative: ready to receive - not ready to receive 895 finpe fip fi'e fish x1 is a fish of species x2 [metaphorical extension to sharks, non-fish aquatic vertebrates](cf. danlu) 896 .o'a UI1 pride attitudinal: pride - modesty/humility - shame (cf. jgira, cumla, ckeji) 897 .iu UI1 love attitudinal: love - no love lost - hatred (cf. prami) 898 jipno jip ji'o tip x1 is a tip/point/vertex/extremity/end [0-dimension shape/form] on object x2 at locus x3(cf. mokca, jesni, fanmo, kojna, krasi) 899 cfila cfi flaw x1 (property - ka) is a flaw/fault/defect in x2 causing x3(cf. cikre, srera, fenra, fliba, prane) 900 palta plate x1 is a plate/dish/platter/saucer [flat/mildly concave food service bed] made of material x2(cf. ckana, palne, kabri, tansi, ckana) 901 kurfa kur square x1 is a right-angled shape/form defined by set of vertices x2, dimensions x3 (default 2)[also rectangle, square, rectilinear; square (= kubykurfa, pitkubykurfa), cube (= kurkubli), rectangle (= clakurfa), rhombus/diamond (= sa'orkurfa, sa'orpitkubli)]; (cf. bliku, kubli, tapla, salpo, tarmi) 902 barja bar x1 is a tavern/bar/pub serving x2 to audience/patrons x3(cf. gusta, birje, jikru, sanmi, vanju, xotli, ckafi, se pinxe) 903 salci sla celebrate x1 celebrates/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3[x3 (and nunsla) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': funeral (= mrobixsla)]; (cf. sinma, jbena) 904 daski pocket x1 is a pocket/pouch of/in garment/item x2(cf. dakli, taxfu, bakfu) 905 pencu pec pe'u touch x1 (agent) touches x2 with x3 [a locus on x1 or an instrument] at x4 [a locus on x2](cf. ganse, darxi, jgari, penmi, jorne, satre, mosra, zgana) 906 sa'u UI3 simply speaking discursive: simply - elaborating (cf. sampu, pluja) 907 linji lij li'i line x1 is a line/among lines [1-dimensional shape/form] defined by set of points x2[ray/vector (farli'i or porli'i)]; (cf. kruvi, sirji, jganu, kantu, mokca) 908 seja'e BAI* results because jalge modal, 2nd place (event causal) results because of ... 909 fliba fli fail x1 fails at doing x2 (state/event); x1 is a failure at its role in x2[baffled (= pesfli, jmifli, dafspufli, menfli, among other senses); also x2 ceases/does not complete/fails to continue due to failure on the part of x1]; (cf. cfila, snada, srera, troci, sisti, ranji, denpa, bebna, zunti) 910 korcu kro bent (adjective:) x1 is bent/crooked/not straight or direct/[twisted]/folded(cf. cinje, klupe, kruvi, polje, sarlu, sirji, bargu, genxu) 911 vu'o VUhO long scope relative joins relative clause/phrase to complete complex or logically connected sumti in afterthought 912 kukte kuk delicious x1 is delicious/tasty/delightful to observer/sense x2 [person, or sensory activity][x1 is a delicacy]; (cf. gusta, ralci, vrusi, cpina) 913 crisa cis summer x1 is summer/summertime [hot season] of year x2 at location x3(cf. citsi, critu, dunra, vensa) 914 tanru tau phrase compound x1 is a binary metaphor formed with x2 modifying x3, giving meaning x4 in usage/instance x5(x2 and x3 are both text or both si'o concept) (cf. gismu, smuni) 915 lo'i LE the set really is veridical descriptor: the set of those that really are ..., treated as a set 916 bancu bac beyond x1 exceeds/is beyond limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni)[on the other side of a bound, but not necessarily directly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space]; (cf. dukse, ragve, zmadu, kuspe) 917 kakpa dig x1 (agent) digs x2 [material] up/out of x3 [source/hole] with limbs/tool(s) x4[also x1 cuts into x3 (with material removal)]; (cf. katna, plixa, sraku, canpa, sraku) 918 jutsi jut species x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization][also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal/plant taxonomy]; (cf. klesi, lanzu) 919 cafne caf often x1 (event) often/frequently/commonly/customarily occurs/recurs by standard x2(cf. rirci, fadni, kampu, rapli, krefu, lakne, cmavo list piso'iroi and similar compounds) 920 nobli nol no'i noble x1 is noble/aristocratic/elite/high-born/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2[also upper-class; high/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recognized culture/society wide; this would include self-assumed titles]; (cf. banli) 921 rirci rare x1 [member] is rare/unusual/uncommon/atypical in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set)(x3 is complete specification of set); (cf. cizra, fadni, cafne, kampu, cnano - the generalized opposite to any/all of these concepts) 922 platu pla plan x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3[also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3]; (cf. cartu) 923 vifne vif fresh (adjective:) x1 is fresh/unspoiled(cf. fusra) 924 bargu bag arch x1 arches/curves over/around x2 and is made of x3; x1 is an arch over/around x2 of material x3[also arc; x2 need not be an object, but may be a point or volume]; (cf. cripu, kruvi, korcu, condi) 925 ra'o RAhO pro-assign update flag GOhA to indicate pro-assignment context updating for all pro-assigns in referenced bridi 926 crepu rep harvest x1 (agent) harvests/reaps/gathers crop/product/objects x2 from source/area x3(cf. critu, sombo, jmaji) 927 balvi bav future x1 is in the future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former[also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi); (default x2 is the space time reference, whereupon:) x1 will occur]; (cf. lidne, cabna, purci, farna) 928 morna mon mo'a pattern x1 is/reflects/represents a pattern of forms/events x2 arranged according to structure x3[x3 is a [model] for x1 (= termontai, or the more abstract = termonsi'o); image (= gusmo'a, nenmo'a, dairmo'a, selylenmo'a, selmirmo'a, velmirmo'a, but also all of these -tai instead of -mo'a for the ideal)]; (cf. ciste, ganzu, marji, slilu, stura, tarmi, boxna, cimde, gidva, jimpe, rilti) 929 clira lir early x1 (event) is early by standard x2(cf. lerci) 930 karni journal x1 is a journal/periodical/magazine/[newspaper] with content x2 published by x3 for audience x4[x2 may be a subject, but not all journals have a single subject; all have some sort of principle defining what is included, so this need not be a list]; (cf. papri, pelji, tcidu) 931 tcima tim ti'a weather x1 is weather at place/region x2; (adjective:) x1 is meteorological[climate (= citsyti'a, timymo'a)]; (cf. brife, bumru, carvi, dilnu, bratu) 932 cumla cul humble x1 is humble/modest about x2 (abstraction); x1 displays humility about x2(cf. cinmo, jgira) 933 do'a UI3 generously discursive: generously - parsimoniously (cf. dunda) 934 sitna sit cite x1 cites/quotes/refers to/makes reference to source x2 for information/statement x3 (du'u)(cf. krasi) 935 nu'o CAhA can but has not modal aspect: can but has not; unrealized potential 936 snuti nut accidental x1 (event/state) is an accident/unintentional on the part of x2; x1 is an accident(cf. zukte, cunso) 937 ji A sumti conn ? logical connective: sumti afterthought connective question 938 jinru jir immerse x1 (object/person) is immersed/submerged/bathes in liquid x2[take a bath/bathe (= jirsezlu'i)]; (cf. lumci, nenri, jinsa) 939 pelxu pel yellow x1 is yellow/golden [color adjective](cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, narju, solji) 940 pemci pem poem x1 is a poem/verse about plot/theme/subject/pattern x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4[x2 may be a convention rather than a subject]; (cf. prosa, rimni, rilti, finti, lisri, sanga) 941 skapi kap pelt x1 is a pelt/skin/hide/leather from x2(cf. pilka, calku, kerfa) 942 vamji vam va'i value x1 (ni) is the equivalent value/worth of x2 [item(s) of value] to x3 for use/appreciation x4[also: x2 is worth x1 to x3; (for x2 person:) x2 merits (one sense), (adjective:) x2 is worthy (= selva'i for reordered places); merit reward (= nemselva'i); receive merited reward (= vamselne'u); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posyva'i, posyselva'i for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. jdima, jerna, vecnu, dirba, janta, kargu, pleji; see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, vajni) 943 sligu lig solid x1 is solid, of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3[conditions include temperature and pressure]; (cf. runta, litki, gapci, jdari, dunja, pulce, jduli) 944 rafsi raf affix x1 is an affix/suffix/prefix/combining-form for word/concept x2, form/properties x3, language x4 (cf. valsi, lujvo, pagbu) 945 ci'e BAI in system ciste modal, 1st place used in scalar negation in system/context ... 946 je'a NAhE scalar affirmer scalar affirmer; denies scalar negation: Indeed! 947 na'o TAhE typically tense interval modifier: characteristically/typically; tense/modal; defaults as time tense 948 mo'a PA4 too few digit/number: too few; subjective 949 rinsa greet x1 (agent) greets/hails/[welcomes/says hello to]/responds to arrival of x2 in manner x3 (action) (cf. friti for welcome/hospitality, cmavo list coi, cmavo list co'o) 950 fancu function x1 is a function/single-valued mapping from domain x2 to range x3 defined by expression/rule x4(cf. mekso, bridi) 951 mledi led mold x1 is a mold/fungus/mushrooms/truffles of species/strain x2 parasitic/growing on x3(cf. clika) 952 pu'i CAhA can and has modal aspect: can and has; demonstrated potential 953 cutci cuc shoe x1 is a shoe/boot/sandal for covering/protecting [feet/hooves] x2, and of material x3[also boot (= tupcutci)]; (cf. smoka, taxfu, skiji) 954 censa ces holy x1 is holy/sacred to person/people/culture/religion/cult/group x2(cf. cevni, krici, latna, pruxi, lijda, sinma) 955 minli mile x1 is x2 (default 1) long local distance unit(s) [non-metric], x3 subunits, standard x4(additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. mitre, kilto, clani, ganra, condi, rotsu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu) 956 polje plo fold x1 (force) folds/creases x2 at locus/loci/forming crease(s)/bend(s) x3[for agentive folding (= plogau, plozu'e); use cardinal-value sumti in x3, or rapli, to indicate multiple folds]; (cf. korcu, cinje, boxfo, boxna) 957 tixnu tix ti'u daughter x1 is a daughter of mother/father/parents x2; [not necessarily biological](cf. bersa, panzi) 958 ckape cap peril x1 is perilous/dangerous/potentially harmful to x2 under conditions x3[x1 is a danger/peril to x2]; (cf. te bandu, te kajde, te marbi, se snura, se xalni) 959 xatra xa'a letter x1 is a letter/missive/[note] to intended audience x2 from author/originator x3 with content x4(cf. notci, which has places in a different order; the emphasis in xatra is on the communication between author and recipient, and not the content, which in a letter may not easily be categorized to a 'subject'; ciska, mrilu, papri) 960 pelji ple paper x1 is paper from source x2[sheet of paper (= plekarda if shape is important, plebo'o)]; (cf. karni, papri, prina) 961 racli sane x1 (action/activity/behavior) is sane/rational by standard x2(cf. fenki) 962 dapma dap curse x1 curses/damns/condemns x2 to fate (event) x3[curse with a specific expression (= dapsku)]; (cf. mabla, dimna, cnemu, sfasa, dunda, cusku, cirko, jdima) 963 panra parallel x1 parallels x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4[also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences]; (cf. cmavo list pa'a, mintu, simsa, girzu, vrici) 964 mluni lun satellite x1 is a satellite/moon orbiting x2 with characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4(cf. plini, solri, lunra) 965 zunle zul left x1 is to the left/left-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3[also x3 is the standard of orientation for x2]; (cf. cmavo list zu'a, pritu, mlana, crane, trixe, farna) 966 festi fes waste x1(s) is/are waste product(s) [left to waste] by x2 (event/activity)[also shit, crap; agentive wasting (= fesygau, fesyzu'e)]; (cf. xaksu, kalci, pinca) 967 cedra era x1 is an era/epoch/age characterized by x2 (event/property/interval/idea)(x2 interval should be the defining boundaries; if merely a characterizing period, the nature of the interval should be expressed in an abstract bridi, or the interval should be marked with tu'a; x2 may also be characteristic object(s) or practices of the era, if marked with tu'a); (cf. ranji, temci, citsi) 968 tagji tag snug x1 is snug/tight on x2 in dimension/direction x3 at locus x4(cf. trati, jarki, kluza, rinju) 969 sa'e UI3 precisely speaking discursive: precisely speaking - loosely speaking (cf. satci, jibni) 970 pa'a BAI in addition to panra modal, 1st place (parallel; shared property) similarly; in addition to ... 971 jarki jak narrow x1 is narrow in dimension x2 [2nd most significant dimension] by standard x3(cf. caxno, cinla, tordu, tagji, cinla, cmalu) 972 nanla boy x1 is a boy/lad [young male person] of age x2 immature by standard x3[word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)]; (cf. nixli, verba, nanmu, bersa) 973 ralci rac delicate x1 is delicate/fragile/subtle/refined in property x2 (ka)[easily damaged or rendered less pleasing/pure/effective]; (cf. jdari, ranti, tsali, milxe, kukte) 974 snura nur nu'a secure x1 is secure/safe from threat x2 (event)(cf. ckape, kajde, marbi, terpa, xalni, bandu) 975 klaji laj street x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3[also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it]; (cf. naxle, panka, pluta, dargu) 976 flalu fla law x1 is a law specifying x2 (state/event) for community x3 under conditions x4 by lawgiver(s) x5[x1 is a legality; x2 is legal/licit/legalized/a legality (= selfla for reordered places)]; (cf. javni, ritli, zekri, pulji, tinbe) 977 fe'e FEhE space aspects mark space interval distributive aspects; labels interval tense modifiers as location-oriented 978 mleca mec me'a less x1 is less than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount x4[also negative (= nonme'a)]; (cf. cmavo list me'a, cmavo list su'o, jdika, zmadu, traji) 979 tcini situation x1 [state/property] is a situation/condition/state/position/are conditions/circumstances of x2[characteristics or environment of an object/event/process stage or state that are typically/potentially only temporary]; (cf. stuzi, zvati, vanbi, ve pruce, ckaji, zasni) 980 nazbi naz zbi nose x1 is the nose [body-part] of x2 with nostril(s)/nasal passage(s) x3; [metaphor: protrusion][also (adjective:) nasal]; (cf. degji, panci, sumne, tance) 981 porsi por poi sequence x1 [ordered set] is sequenced/ordered/listed by comparison/rules x2 on unordered set x3[also (adjective:) x1 is serial]; (sets are completely specified); (cf. cmavo list po'i, lidne, liste, cmima) 982 so'uroi ROI* a few times tense interval modifier: a few times; objective tense; defaults as time tense 983 fai FA extra sumti place sumti place tag: tag a sumti moved out of numbered place structure; used in modal conversions 984 patxu pax pot x1 is a pot/kettle/urn/tub/sink, a deep container for contents x2, of material/properties x3(cf. tansi, palne for depth; baktu, botpi for open/lidded) 985 stani stalk x1 is a/the stalk/stem/trunk [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: main support](cf. tuple, mudri) 986 mokca moc point x1 is a point/instant/moment [0-dimensional shape/form] in/on/at time/place x2[x1 is dimensionless]; (cf. jipno, jganu, linji, stuzi, tcika) 987 .i'u UI1 familiarity attitudinal: familiarity - mystery (cf. slabu, nalni'o, kufra) 988 pinsi pis pencil x1 is a pencil/crayon/stylus applying lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3[also writing brush; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)]; (cf. ciska, penbi (unlike the English equivalents, pinsi is the more general term over penbi), burcu, bakri) 989 jgena jge knot x1 is a knot/tangle in/between x2 (object/jo'u-objects)[knot (verb = jgegau, jgezu'e, jgeri'a, jgela'a), knot: fastening between two or more cords (= jgeterjo'e)]; (cf. pluja, julne, lasna, skori) 990 rau PA4 enough digit/number: enough; subjective 991 stizu tiz chair x1 is a chair/stool/seat/bench, a piece or portion of a piece of furniture intended for sitting(cf. nilce, zutse, jubme, ckana) 992 frumu fru frown x1 frowns/grimaces (facial expression)[x1 frowns/grimaces at/in reaction to x2 (= frufra)]; (cf. cmila, cisma) 993 me'e BAI with name cmene modal, 1st place (requires quote) with name ...; so-called ... 994 prije pij wise x1 is wise/sage about matter x2 (abstraction) to observer x3(cf. bebna) 995 jbena jbe born x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4[x2 bears/gives birth to x1; also x3: natal day]; (cf. fange, gutra, rorci, mamta, salci, citsi) 996 vofli vol voi flight x1 flies [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x2(cf. cipni, klama, vinji) 997 dakfu dak knife x1 is a knife (tool) for cutting x2, with blade of material x3(cf. denci, balre, katna, tunta, forca, smuci, kinli) 998 ra'i BAI from source krasi modal, 1st place from source/origin/starting point ... 999 kagni kag company x1 is a company/corporation/firm/partnership chartered by authority x2 for purpose x3[also enterprise/organization (if chartered)]; (cf. kansa, kamni, banxa, bende) 1000 tsiju tsi seed x1(s) is/are (a) seed(s)/spore(s) [body-part] of organism x2 for producing offspring x3[also germ cell; implies actual potential for self-development; seeds generally contain embryo and food, and hence would include a fertilized egg] (cf. tarbi, dembi, grute, jbari, sombo, spati, sovda) 1001 sinma si'a esteem x1 esteems/respects/venerates/highly regards x2 [object of respect][also: x2 is respected/esteemed/celebrated (= selsi'a for reordered places)]; (cf. banli, censa, misno, nelci, prami, salci, jgira) 1002 fraso fas French x1 reflects French/Gallic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2(cf. ropno) 1003 do'o KOhA3 you and others pro-sumti: you the listener & others unspecified 1004 grasu ras grease x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains grease/fat/oil from source x2(cf. ctile, matne, plana) 1005 virnu vri brave x1 is brave/valiant/courageous in activity x2 (event) by standard x3(cf. terpa, darsi) 1006 crane cra front x1 is anterior/ahead/forward/(in/on) the front of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3[also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] (cf. sefta, flira, trixe, mlana, pritu, zunle) 1007 sicni si'i coin x1 is a coin/token/is specie issued by x2 having value x3 of composition including x4(cf. fepni, jdini, rupnu) 1008 kanba goat x1 is a goat/angora/[billy-goat/kid] of species/breed x2(cf. lanme, sunla) 1009 xalbo levity x1 uses levity/is non-serious/frivolous about x2 (abstraction)(cf. junri, linto) 1010 masti ma'i month x1 is x2 months in duration (default is 1 month) by month standard x3[this month (= cabma'i); next month (= bavla'ima'i); last month (= prula'ima'i)]; (cf. detri, djedi, jeftu, nanca) 1011 di'inai TAhE* irregularly tense interval modifier: irregularly/aperiodically; tense/modal; defaults as time tense 1012 pi'e PA3 digit separator digit/number:separates digits for base >16, not current standard, or variable (e.g. time, date) 1013 bi'i BIhI unordered interval non-logical interval connective: unordered between ... and ... 1014 xalka xal alcohol x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alcohol of type x2 from source/process x3(cf. birje, jikru, vanju) 1015 dunra dur winter x1 is winter/wintertime [cold season] of year x2 at location x3(cf. citsi, crisa, critu, vensa) 1016 cinba kiss x1 (agent) kisses/busses x2 at locus x3(cf. ctebi) 1017 kicne kic ki'e cushion x1 cushions x2 with material x3; x1 is a cushion/pillow/pad [for x2] of padding material x3(cf. ckana, matci) 1018 pa'e UI3 justice discursive: justice - prejudice (cf. tcinydracu'a, tcinydrapai, vudypai) 1019 zmiku zmi automatic x1 is automatic in function x2 under conditions x3(cf. macnu) 1020 preja pej pe'a spread x1 spreads/expands over/into x2 from initial state x3(cf. tcena, kuspe, ranji, fatri, muvdu, benji) 1021 rigni rig disgusting x1 is repugnant to/causes disgust to x2 under conditions x3(cf. djica, nelci, trina, vamtu, xebni, pluka) 1022 cirko cri lose x1 loses person/thing x2 at/near x3; x1 loses property/feature x2 in conditions/situation x3[x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event (rare for cirko), or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ecri, posyselcri for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. facki, ralte, sisku, claxu, jinga, pleji, canja, sfasa, dapma, binra, mipri) 1023 selci sle cell x1 is a cell/atom/unit/molecule of x2; x1 is an indivisible, most basic subunit of x2(x2 generally has mass nature); (cf. kantu for properties, activities; ratni, gradu) 1024 seka'a BAI* with destination klama modal, 2nd place with destination ... 1025 kacma camera x1 is a camera/photographic equipment recording illumination type x2 images to medium x3(cf. lenjo) 1026 jeftu jef week x1 is x2 weeks in duration (default is 1 week) by standard x3[re. x3, a week may be more or less than seven days, classically being tied to the time between trips to the marketplace; this week (= cabjeftu); next week (= bavlamjeftu); last week (= prulamjeftu)]; (cf. detri, djedi, masti, nanca) 1027 ca'u FAhA2 in front of location tense relation/direction; forwards/to the front of ... 1028 pinfu pif prisoner x1 is a prisoner/captive of x2, restrained/held/confined by means/force x3(cf. zifre, kavbu, rinju, ralte, fanta, cilce) 1029 bu'a GOhA some selbri 1 logically quantified predicate variable: some selbri 1 1030 jinsa jis clean x1 (object) is clean/pure of material/contaminant/dirt x2 by standard x3(cf. lumci, jinru, curve, sepli) 1031 ju'a UI2 I state evidential: I state - (default) elliptical/non-specific basis (cf. xusra) 1032 juxre jux clumsy x1 (action) is clumsy/awkward by standard x2(cf. sluji, muvdu) 1033 dicra dir interrupt x1 (event) interrupts/stops/halts/[disrupts] x2 (object/event/process) due to quality x3[also disturbs (one sense)]; (cf. zunti, fanza, raktu, denpa) 1034 kalri kar open x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is open/ajar/not shut permitting passage/access to x2 by x3[as a doorway]; (cf. ganlo, pagre, canko, vorme) 1035 vrude vud vu'e virtue x1 is virtuous/saintly/[fine/moral/nice/holy/morally good] by standard x2[holy/saintly (= cesyvu'e)]; (cf. palci, xamgu, marde, zabna) 1036 ru KOhA5 earlier sumti pro-sumti: a remote past sumti, before all other in-use backcounting sumti 1037 dacru dac drawer x1 is a drawer/file in structure x2, a [sliding compartment] container for contents x3(cf. nilce, tanxe) 1038 .i'o UI1 appreciation attitudinal: appreciation - envy (cf. ckire, jilra) 1039 sruma ru'a assume x1 assumes/supposes that x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology][words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. smadi, birti) 1040 le'o UI5 aggressive attitudinal modifier: aggressive - passive - defensive (cf. gunta, bandu) 1041 murta mur mu'a curtain x1 is a curtain/blinds/drapes for covering/obscuring aperture x2, and made of material x3(cf. canko, vorme) 1042 manti ant x1 is an ant of species/breed x2(cf. cinki, jalra) 1043 lastu brass x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of brass [copper/zinc alloy] of composition including x2[(adjective:) x1 is brazen)]; (cf. jinme, ransu, tunka) 1044 fange alien x1 is alien/foreign/[exotic]/unfamiliar to x2 in property x3 (ka)(cf. cizra, jbena, ckini) 1045 siclu sil whistle x1 [sound source] whistles/makes whistling sound/note/tone/melody x2(cf. sance, tonga, sanga, zgike, savru) 1046 catni ca'i authority x1 has authority/is an official in/on/over matter/sphere/persons x2 derived on basis x3(cf. turni, tutra, krati, cmavo list ca'i, jaspu, pulji) 1047 makcu ma'u mature x1 is mature/ripe/fully-grown/adult in development-quality x2 (ka)(cf. cifnu, ninmu, verba, banro, farvi, nanmu) 1048 zo'i FAhA4 inward location tense relation/direction; nearer than .../inward/approaching from ... 1049 jei NU truth abstract abstractor: truth-value abstractor; x1 is truth value of [bridi] under epistemology x2 1050 brode bo'e predicate var 2 2nd assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure) 1051 sakli sal slide x1 slides/slips/glides on x2[x2 is slick/slippery to/for x1 (= selsakli for reordered places)]; (cf. mosra, fulta, skiji, xutla) 1052 le'a BAI in category klesi modal, 1st place (scalar set) in/of category ... 1053 mixre mix xre mixture x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2[x2 mingles/mixes/blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component/element of x1 (= selxre for reordered places)]; (cf. salta, te runta, stasu, jicla, sanso) 1054 pilji pi'i multiply x1 is the product/total/result of factors/multiplicands (x2 and x3) x2 multiplied by x3(cf. mekso, sumji, rapli, jalge) 1055 ckini ki'i related x1 is related to/associated with/akin to x2 by relationship x3(cf. cmavo list ki'i, ponse, srana, steci, mapti, sarxe, fange) 1056 matci mat x1 is a mat/pad/mattress/pallet [flat, soft, dense form] of material x2[also mattress = (kicymatci)]; (cf. kicne, tapla, karda, ckana) 1057 zu'i KOhA7 typical it pro-sumti: the typical sumti value for this place in this relationship; affects truth value 1058 tirse tir iron x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of iron (Fe); [metaphor: strong, durable, tarnishing][also (adjective:) x1 is ferric/ferrous]; (cf. jinme, gasta, molki) 1059 ciblu blu blood x1 is blood/vital fluid of organism x2(cf. risna, flecu) 1060 ve'o VEhO right bracket right mathematical bracket 1061 kampu kau common x1 (property - ka) is common/general/universal among members of set x2 (complete set)(cf. cafne, rirci, fadni, cnano, tcaci, lakne, cmima, simxu) 1062 kamju column x1 is a column/pillar of material x2[spine (= bogykamju), vertebra (= kamjybo'u)]; (cf. ckana, garna, sanli, slanu) 1063 vei VEI left bracket left mathematical bracket 1064 sraku rak scratch x1 [abrasive/cutting/scratching object/implement] scratches/[carves]/erodes/cuts [into] x2(cf. guska, katna, mosra, plixa, kakpa (unlike kakpa, sraku does not imply material is removed), spali) 1065 ricfu rif cfu rich x1 is rich/wealthy in goods/possessions/property/aspect x2(cf. solji, banzu, dukse, pindi) 1066 jungo jug Chinese x1 reflects Chinese [Mandarin, Cantonese, Wu, etc.] culture/nationality/language in aspect x2(cf. xazdo) 1067 ctebi teb lip x1 is a/the lip [body-part]/rim of orifice x2 of body x3; (adjective:) x1 is labial(cf. moklu, korbi, cinba) 1068 .o'ocu'i UI*1 mere tolerance attitudinal: patience - mere tolerance - anger 1069 kosta kos coat x1 is a coat/jacket/sweater/cloak/[cape/shawl/pullover] [extra outer garment] of material x2(cf. pastu, sunla, taxfu) 1070 co'i ZAhO achievative interval event contour: at the instantaneous point of ...; achievative; point event >|< 1071 tordu tor to'u short x1 is short in dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by measurement standard x3(cf. cmalu, jarki, caxno, cinla, clani) 1072 vindu vid poison x1 is poisonous/venomous/toxic/a toxin to x2(cf. since) 1073 kufra kuf comfort x1 feels comfort/is comfortable with conditions/environmental property(ies) x2(cf. cinmo) 1074 jivna jvi compete x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2[also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)]; (cf. cnemu, jinga, talsa, bradi, fapro, kelci) 1075 tigni tig perform x1 performs x2 [performance] for/before audience x3(cf. jarco) 1076 marbi mra shelter x1 is a shelter/haven/refuge/retreat/harbor for/protecting x2 from danger/threat x3(cf. bandu, ckape, snura, drudi, sepli, bitmu, gacri) 1077 ka'a BAI gone to by klama modal, 1st place gone to by ... 1078 si'u BAI aided by sidju modal, 1st place (aiding agent) aided by ... 1079 no'a GOhA next outer bridi pro-bridi: repeats the bridi in which this one is embedded 1080 brodi predicate var 3 3rd assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure) 1081 gento get ge'o Argentinian x1 reflects Argentinian culture/nationality in aspect x2(cf. xispo, ketco, spano) 1082 ma'i BAI in reference frame manri modal, 1st place (by standard 2) in reference frame ... 1083 tsina sin stage x1 is a stage/platform/dais/[scaffold] at/in x2 supporting x3, made of material x4(x3 object/event); (cf. greku, jubme) 1084 jelca jel burn x1 burns/[ignites/is flammable/inflammable] at temperature x2 in atmosphere x3[default x2/x3 to normal temperatures in air; ignite (= jelcfa), flammable/inflammable (usually = jelka'e or jelfrili)]; (cf. fagri, kijno, sigja, livla, sacki) 1085 tcena ten stretch x1 stretches/extends to range x2 [interval/extent] in dimension x3 from relaxed range x4(cf. kuspe, pruni, preja, ranji, trati) 1086 jimca jic branch x1 is a branch/bough/limb of x2; x2 forks into branches x1; [preferred over metaphorical birka][also appendage]; (cf. birka, rebla, tuple) 1087 go GA fore iff logical connective: forethought all but tanru internal biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if(with gi) 1088 di'o BAI at the locus of diklo modal, 1st place at the locus of ... 1089 purci pur pru past x1 is in the past of/earlier than/before x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter[time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts before, x1 starts before x2 but is continuing during x2 (= cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.e. x1 is over/ended before x2 starts (= fampru), x1 is completed before x2 starts (= mulpru)]; (cf. lidne, balvi, cabna, farna) 1090 galxe throat x1 is a/the throat/gullet [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: narrow(ing) opening of a deep hole](cf. cnebo, kevna, tunlo) 1091 ta'a COI interruption vocative: interruption 1092 simxu sim si'u mutual x1 (set) has members who mutually/reciprocally x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ sumti])[members of x1 do to each other/one another x2, and in return do x2; x1 (plural set) do the same thing x2 to each other]; (cf. kampu, mintu) 1093 canre can sand x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sand/grit from source x2 of composition including x3[also abrasive (= gukcanre)]; (cf. bidju, rokci, zalvi, boxna) 1094 funca fun fu'a luck x1 (event/property) is determined by the luck/fortune of x2; (note mabla/zabna not implied)(cf. cunso, mabla, zabna) 1095 ro'e UI4 mental emotion category/modifier: mental - mindless (cf. menli) 1096 fi'e BAI created by finti modal, 1st place (creator) created by ... 1097 seki'u BAI* reason therefore krinu modal, 2nd place reason therefore ... 1098 .e'i UI1 constraint attitudinal: feeling constraint - independence - challenge/resistance against constraint (cf. selri'u, seljimte) 1099 panpi pap peace x1 is at peace with x2(cf. jamna; use sarxe, smaji, tugni for most metaphorical extensions, cilce, jamna) 1100 cnemu nem ne'u reward x1 (agent) rewards x2 [recipient] for atypical x3 (event/property) with reward/desserts x4[differs from earned payment because of atypical nature; rewards need not be positive but are in some sense deserved from the point of view of the rewarder: positive reward (= zanyne'u), punishment, penalty, demerit (= malne'u, sfane'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posne'u, posyvelne'u for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. dunda, friti, jerna, jinga, jivna, pleji, sfasa, venfu, prali, dapma) 1101 titla tit sweet x1 is sweet/sugary/saccharine to observer x2(cf. sakta, slari, kurki) 1102 lorxu lor lo'u fox x1 is a fox [bushy-tailed wild dog/canine] of species/breed x2(cf. gerku) 1103 karda card x1 is a card [small nearly-2-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, shape x3(x3 shape default rectangular); (cf. matci, tapla, plita) 1104 jadni jad ja'i adorn x1 (object) adorns/decorates x2; x1 is an adornment/decoration of x2; x2 is fancy/decorated[fancy/decorated (= selja'i)]; (cf. jemna, dirba, batke) 1105 namcu nac na'u number x1 (li) is a number/quantifier/digit/value/figure (noun); refers to the value and not the symbol (cf. lerfu, mekso, klani) 1106 so'eroi ROI* usually tense interval modifier: usually; objectively quantified tense; defaults as time tense 1107 danti dan projectile x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher] x2[also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)]; (cf. cecla, renro, jakne) 1108 me'o LI the mex the mathematical expression (unevaluated); convert unevaluated mathematical expression to sumti 1109 xlura xlu influence x1 (agent) influences/lures/tempts x2 into action/state x3 by influence/threat/lure x4[also impresses; x4 is alluring (= trivelxlu for place reordering); x3 may be an achieved action/state, or an attempt to perform an action/enter a state)]; (x3 and x4 are normally events or states); (cf. djica, mukti, trina, jitro, sazri, tcica, xance, stidi, kajde, maksi) 1110 janli jal collide x1 collides with/crashes/bumps/runs into x2(also collide = simjanli for a collision between two moving objects); (cf. darxi) 1111 xasli donkey x1 is a donkey/jackass of species/breed x2(cf. xirma, kumte) 1112 marji maj mai material x1 is material/stuff/matter of type/composition including x2 in shape/form x3[also (adjective:) x1 is physical (one sense)/material]; (cf. morna, mucti, nejni, tarmi, dacti) 1113 sfasa sfa punish x1 (agent) punishes x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punishment x4 (event/state)[also chastise, castigate, chasten, discipline, correct (one sense); also x4 penalty]; (cf. cnemu, pleji, venfu, zekri, canja, dunda, jdima, jerna, kargu, prali, dapma, cirko, jinga) 1114 .i'i UI1 togetherness attitudinal: togetherness - privacy (cf. kansa, gumna, sivni, sepli) 1115 tance tac tongue x1 is a/the tongue [body-part] of x2; (metaphor: similar to nazbi, tamji, degji)[(adjective:) x1 is lingual]; (cf. moklu, bangu, nazbi, tamji, degji) 1116 da'o DAhO cancel pro-assigns discursive: cancel pro-sumti/pro-bridi assignments 1117 ba'i BAI replaced by basti modal, 1st place replaced by ... 1118 gunma gum jointly x1 is a mass/team/aggregate/whole, together composed of components x2, considered jointly[A description in x1 indicates of mass property(ies) displayed by the mass; masses may reveal properties not found in the individual set members that are massified, which themselves are not necessarily relevant to the mass property implicit in this bridi]; (cf. bende, girzu, pagbu, cmavo list loi, lei, lai, ciste, cmima, kansa, tinci) 1119 dilnu dil cloud x1 is a cloud of material x2 in air mass x3 at floor/base elevation x4(cf. carvi, tcima) 1120 bapli bap bai force x1 [force] (ka) forces/compels event x2 to occur; x1 determines property x2 to manifest[also constrains; requires success, unlike the physics term (better expressed by danre)]; (cf. fanta, rinju, jimte, jitro, rinka, krinu, zukte, randa, danre, cmavo list bai, marxa, tinsa, xarnu) 1121 klani lai quantity x1 is a quantity quantified/measured/enumerated by x2 (quantifier) on scale x3 (si'o)[also count]; (cf. cmavo list la'u, namcu) 1122 klina kli clear x1 (object/medium) is clear/transparent/without obstacle to in-the-clear x2 [transmission][also lucid; x2 remains apparent/lucid/clear (figurative use for 'understandable' is discouraged, better expressed as = filseljmi)]; (cf. kandi, zunti - nalzu'i is better for 'unhindered') 1123 vanju van wine x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of wine from fruit/grapes x2(cf. barja, birje, xalka, jikru, fusra) 1124 li'i NU experience abstract abstractor: experience abstractor; x1 is x2's experience of [bridi] (participant or observer) 1125 plise apple x1 is an apple [fruit] of species/strain x2(cf. grute) 1126 vlile vil violent x1 is an event/state/act of violence(cf. suksa, jursa) 1127 xedja xej xe'a jaw x1 is a/the jaw [body-part] of x2(cf. stedu) 1128 farvi fav develop x1 develops/evolves towards/into x2 from x3 through stages x4(cf. pruce, banro, makcu, ciste, cupra, ferti) 1129 seri'a BAI* causal therefore rinka modal, 2nd place (phys./mental) causal therefore ... 1130 xebro xeb bro Hebrew x1 reflects Hebrew/Jewish/Israeli culture/nationality/language in aspect x2(cf. filso) 1131 jerna earn x1 (agent/person) earns/[deserves/merits] wages/salary/pay x2 for work/service x3 (activity)[also x2 earnings, reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), punishment/comeuppance (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posyjerna, posyseljerna for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. jibri, pleji, vecnu, cnemu, canja, jdima, jinga, prali, sfasa, janta, kargu, vamji) 1132 .a'e UI1 alertness attitudinal: alertness - exhaustion (cf. sanji, cikna, tatpi) 1133 misno mis mi'o famous x1 (person/object/event) is famous/renowned/is a celebrity among community of persons x2 (mass)[also celebrated/well-known; (derogative meanings:) notorious/infamous (= malmi'o; these could also be expressed using the referenced words)]; (cf. se sinma, banli) 1134 zirpu zir zi'u purple x1 is purple/violet [color adjective](cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, nukni, blanu, xunre) 1135 tcila til detail x1 is a detail/feature/particular of x2(cf. diklo, steci) 1136 gasta gat steel x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains steel of composition including x2(cf. jinme, molki, tirse) 1137 .a'unai UI*1 repulsion attitudinal: interest - disinterest - repulsion 1138 slanu cylinder x1 is a cylinder [shape/form] of material x2(cf. kamju, gunro) 1139 tu'u TUhU end text scope elidable terminator: end multiple utterance scope; seldom elidable 1140 stodi sto constant x1 is constant/invariant/unchanging in property x2 (ka) in response to stimulus/conditions x3[also stable/consistent/steadfast/firm/steady]; (cf. cenba, stika, stali, vitno, manfo, zasni, tinsa, jdari) 1141 nu'i NUhI start fore termset start forethought termset construct; marks start of place structure set with logical connection 1142 pruce ruc ru'e process x1 is a process with inputs x2, outputs/results x3, passing through steps/stages x4[x2 resource (= selru'e, but also ru'etci, (ru'er-/ruc- or selru'e-/selruc- modifying:) selxaksu, selsabji, livla)]; (cf. cmavo list pu'e, farvi, tadji, grute, tcini) 1143 mosra mos friction x1 is friction [force opposing motion] due to contact/rubbing between x2 and x3; (fe) x2 rubs x3 [also x2 scrubs/wipes/brushes (against) x3 (= seltermosra); non-agentive rub (= termosra)]; (cf. sakli, sraku, jabre, satre, guska, pencu, spali) 1144 friko fi'o African x1 reflects African culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2(cf. ropno, xazdo) 1145 mudri mud wood x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains wood/lumber from tree(s) of type/species x2(cf. tricu, stani) 1146 larcu lar art x1 (process) is an art [creative application] of craft/skill x2 (idea/activity)[(adjective:) x1 is artistic]; (cf. finti, zbasu, stati) 1147 prosa ros ro'a prose x1 is prose about plot/theme/subject x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4[non-poetic written text, without intentional rhyme or meter; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject]; (cf. cfika, lisri, cukta, pemci, finti) 1148 tinbe tib obey x1 obeys/follows the command/rule x2 made by x3; (adjective:) x1 is obedient(cf. minde, lacri, javni, flalu, zekri) 1149 mabru mab mammal x1 is a mammal/'animal'/beast of species x2(cf. danlu, ladru, tatru, ractu, xanto, xarju) 1150 tcana station x1 is a station/node of/in/on transport/communication/distribution system/network x2[x2 may be represented by massed vehicles of system]; (cf. dargu, litru, pluta, trene, ciste, ve mrilu, tivni, cradi, ve benji, fonxa, dikca, fatri) 1151 dzena dze elder x1 is an elder/ancestor of x2 by bond/tie/degree x3; x1's generation precedes x2's parents(cf. patfu, rirni, tamne) 1152 bakni bak bovine x1 is a cow/cattle/kine/ox/[bull/steer/calf] [beef-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2(cf. danlu) 1153 ckafi kaf coffee x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of coffee from source/bean/grain x2[brew based on a seed/bean/grain; e.g. also chicory coffee, decaf, postum] (cf. tcati, brewed from a leaf, barja, cakla) 1154 .o'u UI1 relaxation attitudinal: relaxation - composure - stress (cf. surla, cnilanxe, dunku) 1155 du'o BAI according to djuno modal, 1st place (info source) authoritatively; according to ...; known by ... 1156 .a'onai UI*1 despair attitudinal: hope - despair 1157 spano san Spanish x1 reflects Spanish-speaking culture/nationality/language in aspect x2[metaphorical restriction to Spain by contrast with xispo (comparable to the distinction between glico and merko/sralo/brito/kadno); Spain (= sangu'e); Spanish dialects spoken in Spain, especially Castillian (= sansanbau)]; (cf. xispo, ketco, mexno, gento) 1158 zungi zug guilt x1 feels guilt/remorse about x2 (abstraction)(cf. cmavo list .u'u, cinmo, xenru, zekri) 1159 tansi tas pan x1 is a pan/basin/tub/sink, a shallow container for contents x2, of material/properties x3[also bowl]; (cf. baktu, palne, palta, patxu, kabri for a bowl that is normally lifted for use, botpi) 1160 ritli ri'i rite x1 is a rite/ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/rules x4[also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the motions']; x4 constraints/customs; (cf. lijda, malsi, flalu, javni, tcaci, clite, junri) 1161 .aunai UI*1 reluctance attitudinal: desire - indifference - reluctance 1162 rirni rir parent x1 is a parent of/raises/rears x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/protege x2(cf. rorci, mamta, patfu, sidju, dzena, famti, verba, bersa) 1163 fo'a KOhA4 it-6 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #6 (specified by goi) 1164 rutni run artifact x1 is an artifact; x1 is artificial; x1 is made/caused by people/se kulnu x2; x1 is man-made(cf. rarna, se zbasu, gundi, slasi) 1165 .uenai UI*1 expectation attitudinal: surprise - expectation 1166 sralo Australian x1 reflects Australian culture/nationality/geography/dialect in aspect x2(cf. glico) 1167 ge'e UI6 unspecif emotion attitudinal: elliptical/unspecified/non-specific emotion; no particular feeling 1168 .ionai UI*1 disrespect attitudinal: respect - disrespect 1169 ctile petroleum x1 is a quantity of petroleum/oil from source x2(cf. grasu) 1170 kandi kad dim x1 is dim/dull/pale/non-intense in property x2 (ka) as received/measured by observer x3[in colors, indicates unsaturated, pastel, pale (though blabi can also indicate a kind of paleness)]; (cf. blabi, carmi, klina, linto, manku, murse, ruble, skari, milxe, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xekri, xunre, zirpu) 1171 calku cak shell x1 is a shell/husk [hard, protective covering] around x2 composed of x3(cf. pilka, skapi, gacri, bartu) 1172 ti'a FAhA2 behind location tense relation/direction; rearwards/to the rear of ... 1173 palne tray x1 is a tray/platter/flat container [pan/sheet/griddle] of contents x2, and made of material x3[also pallet, when used for carrying rather than support on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and is generally portable]; (cf. tansi, patxu, palta, ckana) 1174 tikpa tip kick x1 kicks [hits with x1's foot/feet x4] x2 in/at locus x3, using x1's foot/feet x4(cf. tunta, darxi) 1175 daplu plu island x1 is an island/atoll/key of [material/properties] x2 in surroundings/body x3; x1 is insular(cf. lalxu, rirxe, xamsi, dirgo) 1176 datka duck x1 is a duck/[drake] of species/breed x2(cf. cipni) 1177 rotsu rot tsu ro'u thick x1 is thick in dimension/direction x2 by standard x3; [relatively long in smallest dimension][also stout]; (cf. barda, cinla, ganra, clani, condi, plana, gutci, minli) 1178 cimde dimension x1 (property - ka) is a dimension of space/object x2 according to rules/model x3(cf. morna, ckilu, merli, manri) 1179 tabra trumpet x1 is a horn/trumpet/trombone/bugle [brass-wind/lip-reed musical instrument](cf. zgike) 1180 jenca jen shock x1 (event) shocks/stuns x2(cf. darxi, gunta, spaji) 1181 ve'i VEhA tiny space interval location tense interval: a tiny region of space 1182 zarci zac zai market x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators]; (cf. vecnu, canja, dinju, banxa) 1183 la'u BAI quantifying klani modal, 1st place (amount) quantifying ...; being a quantity of ... 1184 lanli lal analyze x1 analyzes/examines-in-detail x2 by method/technique/system x3 [process/activity](cf. catlu, zgana, jarco, pensi, pinka) 1185 xriso xis xi'o Christian x1 pertains to the Christian religion/culture/nationality in aspect x2(cf. jegvo, lijda) 1186 cei CEI pro-bridi assign selbri variable assignment; assigns broda series pro-bridi to a selbri 1187 se'u SEhU end discursive elidable terminator: end discursive bridi or mathematical precedence;usually elidable 1188 bikla bik whip x1 whips/lashes/snaps [a sudden violent motion](cf. skori, darxi) 1189 jganu jga angle x1 is an angle [2-dimensional shape/form] from vertex x2 subtended by lateral [segment] x3[also (adjective:) x1 is angular; x2 corner; (segment x3 can be defined by interval)]; (cf. kojna, linji, konju, mokca) 1190 danre da'e pressure x1 (force) puts pressure on/presses/applies force to x2[agentive press/depress (= da'ergau, da'erzu'e)]; (cf. catke, bapli, prina, tinsa) 1191 tinsa stiff x1 is stiff/rigid/inflexible/resistant in direction x2 against force x3 under conditions x4[also sometimes: firm, hard; not limited to physical forces; e.g. mental rigidity]; (cf. bapli, jdari, nandu, torni, trati, xarnu, danre, stodi) 1192 jgira jgi pride x1 (person) feels/has pride in/about x2 (abstraction)[an emotional combination of satisfaction and respect/esteem towards property(ies) or action(s) of person/entity that has a specific tie to emoter; self-pride (= se'ijgi, tolcumla); use x2 tu'a for pride in non-specific actions/properties of someone]; (cf. cinmo, cumla, sevzi, sinma, snada) 1193 kancu kac count x1 (agent) counts the number in set x2 to be x3 [number/count] counting [off] by units x4(x2 is complete set); (cf. kanji, satci, merli) 1194 skari ska color x1 is/appears to be of color/hue x2 as perceived/seen by x3 under conditions x4[conditions may include lighting, background, etc.]; (cf. blanu, bunre, cicna, cinta, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu, carmi, kandi, xekri, blabi) 1195 sucta suc abstract x1 (si'o) is abstracted/generalized/idealized from x2 [something concrete] by rules x3(cf. fatci, xanri) 1196 sevzi sez se'i self x1 is a self/ego/id/identity-image of x2(cf. cmavo list mi, prenu, menli, jgira) 1197 jimte jit limit x1 is a limit/extreme/bound/border/[confinement] of x2 in property/domain x3[restrain/constrain within limits (= jitri'u, jitygau, jityzu'e)]; (cf. cmavo list ji'e, traji, korbi, kuspe, rinju, bapli, curmi, fanta, jbini) 1198 kulnu klu culture x1 [mass of ideas, customs, skills, arts] is culture of nation/ethos x2 (mass); x1 is ethnic[(note that x2 is NOT individual; culture is what is shared among people and is not an individual trait)]; (cf. cmavo list ka'u, cmavo list ku'u, natmi, cecmu) 1199 fi'i COI hospitality vocative: hospitality - inhospitality; you are welcome/ make yourself at home 1200 sarlu spiral x1 is a spiral/helix/whorl/[vortex] [shape/form] with limits x2, of dimensionality x3(cf. klupe, korcu, tarmi) 1201 mupli mup example x1 is an example/sample/specimen/instance/case/illustration of common property(s) x2 of set x3(cf. cmavo list mu'u, pixra) 1202 trene ren re'e train x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4[a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)]; (cf. tcana) 1203 fepni fep fei cent x1 is measured in kopeck/cent money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3[also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...); (cf. sicni, jdini, jdima, vecnu, rupnu, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu) 1204 crida rid fairy x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2[also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman]; (cf. ranmi, especially for non-humanoid creatures of myth, lijda) 1205 fetsi fet fe'i female x1 is a female/doe of species x2 evidencing feminine trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is feminine(cf. nakni) 1206 jo'a UI3a metalinguistic yes discursive: metalinguistic affirmer (cf. drani) 1207 blanu bla blue x1 is blue [color adjective](cf. skari, blabi, xekri, zirpu, kandi, carmi, cicna) 1208 sepli sep sei apart x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3[also aloof (= jiksei); alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space]; (cf. bitmu, snuji, senta, fendi, curve, jinsa, bitmu, marbi) 1209 dakli sack x1 is a sack/bag with contents x2, and of material x3(cf. daski for pouch, bakfu) 1210 sfubu sub su'u dive x1 dives/swoops [manner of controlled falling] to x2 from x3(cf. farlu, farlu) 1211 kalci feces x1 is a/the feces/excrement/dung/shit of x2 (animal/person); (adjective:) x1 is fecal (matter)[also crap]; (cf. ganxo, pinca, vikmi, mabla, festi) 1212 su'u NU unspecif abstract abstractor: generalized abstractor (how); x1 is [bridi] as a non-specific abstraction of type x2 1213 gi'u GIhA bridi whether logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought whether-or-not 1214 zu'unai UI*3 on the other hand discursive: on the one hand - on the other hand 1215 cinla thin x1 is thin in direction/dimension x2 by standard x3; [relatively short in smallest dimension](cf. rotsu, jarki, tordu, cmalu, caxno, plana, jarki) 1216 ranti ran soft x1 is soft/malleable/moldable/yielding to force x2 in conditions x3(cf. ralci, jdari, lakse, randa, gradu) 1217 ci'o BAI emotionally felt by cinmo modal, 1st place emotionally felt by ... 1218 vanbi vab environment x1 (ind./mass) is part of an environment/surroundings/context/ambience of x2[(adjective:) x1 is ambient]; (cf. cmavo list va'o, sruri, jibni, jbini, ferti, tcini) 1219 livla lil fuel x1 is a fuel/energy-source for powering x2(cf. nejni, xaksu, jelca) 1220 bongu bog bo'u bone x1 is a/the bone/ivory [body-part], performing function x2 in body of x3; [metaphor: calcium][x2 is likely an abstract: may be structure/support for some body part, but others as well such as the eardrum bones; the former can be expressed as (tu'a le ); cartilage/gristle (= ranbo'u), skeleton (= bogygreku)]; (cf. greku, denci, jirna, sarji) 1221 karce car x1 is a car/automobile/truck/van [a wheeled motor vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3(cf. carce, xislu, marce, sabnu) 1222 xruki xuk turkey x1 is a turkey [food/bird] of species/breed x2(cf. cipni) 1223 steba seb frustration x1 feels frustration about x2 (abstraction)(cf. cinmo) 1224 bavmi barley x1 is a quantity of barley [grain] of species/strain x2(cf. gurni) 1225 smuci muc spoon x1 is a spoon/scoop (tool) for use x2, made of material x3(cf. dakfu, forca, tutci) 1226 besna ben brain x1 is a/the brain [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: intelligence, mental control][also cerebral]; (cf. menli, stedu, rango, pensi) 1227 se'i UI5 self-oriented attitudinal modifier: self-oriented - other-oriented (cf. sevzi, drata) 1228 zo'a FAhA4 tangential to location tense relation/direction; tangential to/passing by ... 1229 dasri sri ribbon x1 is a ribbon/tape/strip/band/stripe of material x2(cf. djine) 1230 krili crystal x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of crystal of composition x2 in form/arrangement x3[x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. jemna, bisli) 1231 ca'e UI2 I define evidential: I define (cf. mitcu'a, mitsmu) 1232 paunai UI*3 rhetorical question discursive: unreal/rhetorical question follows 1233 lu'u LUhU end sumti qualifiers elidable terminator: end of sumti qualifiers; usually elidable except before a sumti 1234 rapli rap repeat x1 [action] repeats/is repeated for a total of x2 (quantity) occurrences[practice (= rapyzu'e, rapxelcli, rapyzukmo'i)]; (cf. cmavo list roi, cafne, krefu, fukpi, pilji, xruti) 1235 semu'i BAI* motive therefore mukti modal, 2nd place motive therefore ...; motivating action ... 1236 cartu cat chart x1 is a chart/diagram/map of/about x2 showing formation/data-points x3(cf. platu) 1237 marna hemp x1 is a quantity of hemp/marijuana/jute of species/strain x2(cf. skori, tanko, sigja, xukmi) 1238 nupre nup nu'e promise x1 (agent) promises/commits/assures/threatens x2 (event/state) to x3 [beneficiary/victim](cf. kajde, xusra) 1239 jbama bam bomb x1 is a bomb/explosive device with explosive material/principle x2(cf. cecla, spoja) 1240 gi'i GIhA bridi conn ? logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought conn question 1241 nau CUhE reference point tense: refers to current space/time reference absolutely 1242 frati fra react x1 reacts/responds/answers with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive[x3 stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reaction x2 (= terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)]; (cf. preti, danfu, spuda, cpedu, tarti) 1243 prina pri print x1 is a print/impression/image on/in surface x2 of/made by/using tool/press/implement/object x3(cf. cukta, papri, pelji, pixra, ciska, danre, barna) 1244 de'i BAI dated detri modal, 1st place (for letters) dated ... ; attaches date stamp 1245 citsi season x1 is a season/is seasonal [cyclical interval], defined by interval/property x2, of year(s) x3[also anniversary (= citsydei, na'arcitsydei), jubilee (= mumnoncitsi); the period of time may be short or long as indicated by x2, and may occur every year or every nth year as indicated by x3 (default every year); (x2 and/or x3 may need metaphorical restriction: djecitsi, pavdeicitsi; also equinox, solstice, time of year]; (cf. cedra, crisa, critu, dunra, ranji, temci, vensa, jbena) 1246 nakni nak male x1 is a male/buck of species x2 evidencing masculine trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is masculine(cf. fetsi, bersa) 1247 gidva gid gi'a guide x1 (person/object/event) guides/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event)[a guiding person advises/suggests/sets an example to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/example to be emulated]; (cf. jitro, ralju, sazri, te bende, jatna, fukpi, morna) 1248 ragve rav across x1 is located across/on the other side of gap/boundary x2 from x3; x1 is opposite (fi) x3[also: x1 is over there (across/beyond zo'e); directly across/beyond a boundary/gap, generally at the shortest plausible distance on the other side of the boundary]; (cf. dukti, kuspe, bancu, kruca, cripu, pagre) 1249 cnano na'o norm x1 [value] is a norm/average in property/amount x2 (ka/ni) among x3(s) (set) by standard x4[also mean, normal, usual; (x3 specifies the complete set)]; (cf. tcaci, fadni, kampu, lakne, tarti, rirci) 1250 ve'u VEhA big space interval location tense interval: a large region of space 1251 be'a FAhA1 north of location tense relation/direction; north of 1252 bliku bli block x1 is a block [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/sides x3[x3 sides/surfaces should include number, size, and shape; also polyhedron (= pitybli having flat/planar sides/surfaces)], regular polyhedron (= kubybli, blikubli), brick (= kitybli); (cf. tapla, kubli, tanbo, canlu, kojna, sefta, bolci, kurfa, tarmi) 1253 gunro gur gu'o roll x1 rolls/trundles on/against surface x2 rotating on axis/axle x3; x1 is a roller(cf. bolci, carna, jendu, slanu) 1254 batci bat bite x1 bites/pinches x2 on/at specific locus x3 with x4[bite through (= ka'arbatci, batygre); pinch (= cinzybatci)]; (cf. denci, jgalu, guska, citka) 1255 ri'i BAI experienced by lifri modal, 1st place patient/passive case tag; happens to...,experienced by...,with passive... 1256 zi'o KOhA7 nonexistent it pro-sumti: fills a sumti place, deleting it from selbri place structure;changes selbri semantics 1257 sufti sfu hoof x1 is a/the hoof [body-part] of x2(cf. xirma) 1258 jdima di'a price x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor x4[x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posydi'a, posyseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note that price is not he same as cost/expense, which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)]; (cf. canja, friti, janta, jdini, kargu, pleji, dapma, vamji for 'value', ve vecnu for 'cost', canja, fepni, jerna, jinga, pleji, prali, rupnu, sfasa, vamji) 1259 genja gej root x1 is a root [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: immobile, supporting, nourishing](cf. jamfu, jicmu, patlu, samcu, spati, krasi) 1260 krati ka'i represent x1 represents/is an agent/proxy/stands-in for [absent] x2 in matter(s)/function(s) x3[also: on behalf of]; (cf. cmavo list ka'i, jansu, catni, vipsi, pulji) 1261 ba'anai UI*2 I remember evidential: I expect - I experience - I remember 1262 sumji suj sum x1 is a mathematical sum/result/total of x2 plus/increased by x3(cf. jmina, jalge, mulno, pilji) 1263 zabna zan za'a favorable x1 is a favorable connotation/sense/way-of-looking-at x2 used by x3(cf. funca, mabla, xamgu, vrude) 1264 seba'i BAI* instead of basti modal, 2nd place instead of ... 1265 curve cuv pure x1 is pure/unadulterated/unmitigated/simple in property x2 (ka)[x1 is simply/purely/unmitigatedly/solely x2]; (cf. prane, jinsa, manfo, sampu, sepli, traji, lumci, xukmi) 1266 silna salt x1 is a portion/quantity of salt from source x2, of composition including x3(cf. sakta) 1267 filso fis Palestinian x1 reflects Palestinian culture/nationality in aspect x2(cf. jordo, xebro) 1268 boxna bon bo'a wave x1 is a wave [periodic pattern] in medium x2, wave-form x3, wave-length x4, frequency x5(cf. slilu, dikni, cinje, polje, morna, canre) 1269 tivni tiv television x1 broadcasts/televises programming x2 via medium/channel x3 to television receiver x4[also x1 is a broadcaster; x2 programming (mass), program/show (ind.)]; (cf. cradi, skina, vidni, benji, tcana) 1270 vecu'u BAI* expressed in medium cusku modal, 4th place in expression medium ... 1271 ckeji kej cke ashamed x1 feels ashamed/mortified/humiliated under conditions x2 before community/audience x3(cf. cinmo) 1272 bandu bad defend x1 (event) defends/protects x2 (object/state) from threat/peril/potential x3 (event)[also secures (verb); x1 wards/resists x3; protective cover/shield (= badgai)]; (cf. ckape, fanta, fapro, marbi, rivbi, zunti, snura, binra, lunbe, pulji) 1273 sa'enai UI*3 loosely speaking discursive: precisely speaking - loosely speaking 1274 djine jin ring x1 is a ring/annulus/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diam. x3, outside diam. x4 [also ellipse, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, belt, encircle (= jinsru)]; (cf. clupa, cukla, dasri, karli, sovda, sruri, konju) 1275 cinfo lion x1 is a lion/[lioness] of species/breed x2(cf. mlatu) 1276 to'u UI3 in brief discursive: in brief - in detail (cf. tordu, clani, tcidu) 1277 bridi bri predicate x1 (text) is a predicate relationship with relation x2 among arguments (sequence/set) x3[also: x3 are related by relation x2 (= terbri for reordered places)]; (x3 is a set completely specified); (cf. sumti, fancu) 1278 banfi amphibian x1 is an amphibian of species/breed x2(cf. danlu, respa) 1279 ri'e UI5 release of emotion attitudinal modifier: release of emotion - emotion restraint (cf. cniri'u, cnicru) 1280 xinmo xim ink x1 is a quantity of ink of color/pigment x2 used by writing device x3(cf. penbi) 1281 za'e BAhE nonce-word next forethought nonce-word indicator; indicates next word is nonce-creation and may be nonstandard 1282 su'e PA4 at most digit/number: at most (all); no more than 1283 tirxu tiger x1 is a tiger/leopard/jaguar/[tigress] of species/breed x2 with coat markings x3[a great cat noted/recognized by its markings, metaphorically: stripes, tiger markings]; (cf. mlatu) 1284 stace sac honest x1 is honest/open/truthfully revealing to/candid/frank with x2 about matter/fact x3[also straight, straight-forward]; (cf. tcica, jetnu, jitfa, mipri) 1285 pu'a BAI pleased by pluka modal, 1st place pleased by ... 1286 kusru kus cruel x1 (person) is cruel/mean/unkind to victim x2(cf. xendo, jursa) 1287 draci drama x1 is a drama/play about x2 [plot/theme/subject] by dramatist x3 for audience x4 with actors x5[x2 may also be a convention] (cf. finti, cukta, lisri, cfika) 1288 tunlo tul tu'o swallow x1 gulps/swallows[x1 swallows down [food/drink] x2 (= tulpinxe, tulcti, ctitu'o (the latter two are more general - for food or beverage); swallow/engulf (= galxycti, galxynerbi'o, galxygre]; (cf. citka, pinxe, galxe) 1289 tepi'o BAI* usage for purpose pilno modal, 3rd place (instrumental) a tool usage for purpose ... 1290 vitci vit irregular x1 is irregular/occasional/intermittent in property/action/aspect x2(cf. ranji, rufsu, suksa) 1291 fa'o FAhO end of text unconditional end of text; outside regular grammar; used for computer input 1292 lunbe lub bare x1 is bare/naked/nude; x1 is without cover/clothes/[protection](cf. taxfu, bandu) 1293 tu'i BAI associated with site stuzi modal, 1st place (used to situate letters) associated with site ... ; label with location 1294 ze'o FAhA4 outward location tense relation/direction; beyond/outward/receding from ... 1295 bukpu buk bu'u cloth x1 is an amount of cloth/fabric of type/material x2(cf. mapni, matli, sunla, slasi, silka) 1296 .e'enai UI*1 incompetence attitudinal: competence - incompetence/inability 1297 jikca jik socialize x1 interacts/behaves socially with x2; x1 socializes with/is sociable towards x2(cf. tarti, penmi) 1298 pu'e BAI by process pruce modal, 1st place (in manner 1) by process ... 1299 kajna shelf x1 is a shelf/counter/bar in/on/attached to supporting object x2, for purpose x3(cf. balni) 1300 snuji nuj sandwich x1 is a sandwich/layering [not restricted to food] of x2 sandwiched between x3(cf. midju, nenri, sepli, senta, jbini, bitmu, sruri) 1301 fonxa fon telephone x1 is a telephone transceiver/modem attached to system/network x2(cf. tcana) 1302 pikci beg x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3[also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] (cf. cpedu which is more general as to manner, pindi) 1303 briju bij office x1 is an office/bureau/work-place of worker x2 at location x3(cf. jibri, gunka) 1304 .i'enai UI*1 disapproval attitudinal: approval - non-approval - disapproval 1305 marxa max mash x1 [force] mashes/crushes/squashes/smashes x2 into pulp/mash/crumbs/deformed mass x3(cf. daspo, pesxu, zalvi, bapli) 1306 kuspe kup ku'e range x1 ranges/extends/spans/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2[also continues]; (cf. ranji, renvi, tcena, bancu, cripu, ragve, vorme, canko, bitmu, sirji, jbini, jimte, preja) 1307 skuro ku'o groove x1 is a groove/trench/furrow [shape/form] in object/surface x2(cf. plixa) 1308 plita pit plane x1 is a plane [2-dimensional shape/form] defined by points x2 (set); x1 is flat/[smooth][also: x1 is even/planar/level]; (x2 is a set of points at least sufficient to define the plane); (cf. xutla, sefta, tapla, karda, boxfo, pinta) 1309 bidju bead x1 is a bead/pebble [shape/form] of material x2(cf. bolci, canre, lakse, dirgo) 1310 ferti fre fertile x1 is fertile/conducive for supporting the growth/development of x2; x1 is fruitful/prolific[also fecund (note that the Lojban covers both potential and actual/realized fertility)]; (cf. vanbi, sidju, rorci, farvi, banro, cange) 1311 ce'e CEhE afterthought termset links terms into an afterthought termset 1312 vidni video x1 is a video monitor/CRT/screen [machine] serving function x2(cf. skina, ve tivni) 1313 me'i PA3 less than digit/number: less than 1314 .a'i UI1 effort attitudinal: effort - no special effort - repose (cf. gunka, slunandu, guksurla, troci, selprogunka) 1315 papri page x1 is a [physical] page/leaf of book/document/bound mass of pages x2[numbered pages (as in a book) are the sides of a page (= paprysfe, paprysfelai); a pageful of text (= papryseltcidu, paprytcidylai)]; (cf. karni, pelji, prina, xatra, vreji, pezli, cukta, ciska) 1316 snipa nip sticky x1 adheres/sticks to x2; (adjective:) x1 is sticky/gummy/adhesive[note that x1 is the adhering surface being claimed; x2 need not be sticky]; (cf. tarla, viknu) 1317 ponjo pon po'o Japanese x1 reflects Japanese culture/nationality/language in aspect x2(cf. xazdo, daplu) 1318 spali polish x1 (agent) polishes object/surface x2 with polish x3, applied using tool x4(cf. mosra, sraku, xutla) 1319 vraga vra lever x1 is a lever [tool] [of apparatus] for doing x2 [function/action], with fulcrum x3 and arm x4(cf. tutci, pulni) 1320 kensa kes outer space x1 is outer space near/associated with celestial body/region x2(cf. canlu, munje, terdi, tsani) 1321 bakri chalk x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of chalk from source x2 in form x3(cf. pinsi, blabi, jilka) 1322 batke button x1 is a button/knob/[handle] on/for item x2, with purpose x3, made of material x4(cf. jadni, balji, punji, jgari, lasna) 1323 cabra ca'a apparatus x1 is apparatus/mechanism/device/equipment for function x2 controlled/[triggered] by x3 (agent)[form determined by/from function; does not imply automated/automatic action - requires an external agent/trigger (a minji may be a zmiku cabra if it requires an external agent to trigger or control the functions that it performs automatically)]; (cf. tutci, minji, finti; girzu, ganzu for organizational apparatus, pilno) 1324 pimlu pim pi'u feather x1 is a/the feather/plume(s)/plumage [body-part] of animal/species x2(cf. cipni, nalci, rebla, kerfa, penbi) 1325 jetce je'e jet x1 is a jet [expelled stream] of material x2 expelled from x3(cf. sputu, vamtu) 1326 lunra lur lunar x1 is Earth's moon (default); x1 is a major natural satellite/moon of planet x2(cf. plini, solri, terdi, mluni) 1327 jecta jec je'a polity x1 is a polity/state governing territory/domain x2; [government/territory relationship][(adjective:) x1 is civil/political]; (cf. gugde, tutra, turni, natmi, jansu, lanci, cecmu) 1328 kanji kaj calculate x1 calculates/reckons/computes x2 [value (ni)/state] from data x3 by process x4(cf. kancu, jdice, skami) 1329 mucti mut immaterial x1 is immaterial/not physical/without material form(cf. marji, menli, pruxi, sidbo) 1330 mapku map cap x1 is a cap/hat/crown/helmet/piece of headgear [head-top garment] of material x2(cf. taxfu, stedu, drudi) 1331 nejni nen energy x1 is energy of type x2 in form x3[ray/beam (= nenli'i)]; (cf. marji, tarmi, kantu, lazni, livla) 1332 .i'anai UI*1 blame attitudinal: acceptance - blame 1333 mansa satisfy x1 satisfies evaluator x2 in property (ka)/state x3(cf. pajni) 1334 latmo la'o Latin x1 reflects Latin/Roman/Romance culture/empire/language in aspect x2(cf. ropno, fraso, spano, xispo) 1335 nurma num rural x1 is a rural/rustic/pastoral area of x2; x1 is in the country(cf. jarbu, rarna, tcadu, cange) 1336 fu'e FUhE indicator scope begin indicator long scope 1337 tamji taj thumb x1 is a/the thumb/big toe [body-part] on limb x2 of x3; [metaphor based on relative shape][thumb (specifically the hand = xantamji), big toe (= jmatamji)]; (cf. degji, tance, xance, jamfu) 1338 zei ZEI lujvo glue joins preceding and following words into a lujvo 1339 guzme guz zme melon x1 is a melon/squash [fruit/plant] of species/strain x2(cf. grute) 1340 birje beer x1 is made of/contains/is a amount of beer/ale/brew brewed from x2(cf. pinxe, barja, jikru, vanju, xalka, fusra) 1341 litki lik liquid x1 is liquid/fluid, of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3[conditions include temperature and pressure]; (cf. cilmo, djacu, lumci, runta, pambe, sudga, gapci, sligu, flecu, jduli) 1342 kalte kat hunt x1 hunts/stalks prey/quarry/game x2 for purpose x3[also verb: to fish (= fipkalte)]; (cf. jersi, kavbu, sisku, rivbi) 1343 gubni gub public x1 is public/un-hidden/open/jointly available to/owned by all among community x2 (mass)(cf. sivni) 1344 grute rut fruit x1 is a fruit [body-part] of species x2(cf. badna, dembi, figre, guzme, narge, perli, pilka, plise, spati, stagi, tamca, tsiju, tarbi, panzi, rorci, te pruce, jbari, nimre) 1345 ropno ron ro'o European x1 reflects European culture/nationality/geography/Indo-European languages in aspect x2(cf. brito) 1346 lacpu lap cpu pull x1 pulls/tugs/draws/drags x2 by handle/at locus x3[gravity (= ka maicpu, maircpukai)]; (cf. catke, sakci, cokcu) 1347 .iacu'i UI*1 skepticism attitudinal: belief - skepticism - disbelief 1348 fu'i UI5 easy attitudinal modifier: easy - difficult (cf. frili) 1349 lacri lac rely x1 relies/depends/counts on/trusts x2 to bring about/ensure/maintain x3 (event/state)(cf. minde, nitcu, tinbe) 1350 tapla tile x1 is a tile/cake [shape/form] of material x2, shape x3, thickness x4[a tile is a 3-dimensional object, relatively uniform and significant in the 3rd dimension, but thin enough that its shape in the the other two dimensions is a significant feature; 'city block' is conceptually a tile; polygon (= taplytai or kardytai - shaped like an approximately-2-dimensional block, lijyclupa - a loop composed of lines)]; (cf. bliku, kubli, matci; karda, for which the 3rd dimension is insignificant, bliku, kurfa, matci, plita, tarmi) 1351 zbepi zbe pedestal x1 is a pedestal/base/stand/pallet supporting x2 (object/event), of materials/properties x3[pallet (= lafyzbe)]; (cf. jamfu, jicmu, jubme, tuple, ckana, cpana, loldi, sanli) 1352 je'i JA tanru conn ? logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought conn question 1353 creka cek shirt x1 is a shirt/blouse/top [upper-body garment - not necessarily sleeved or buttoned], material x2 (cf. taxfu) 1354 nalci na'i wing x1 is a/the wing [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: lateral supporting surface](cf. cipni, pimlu, rebla) 1355 .u'o UI1 courage attitudinal: courage - timidity - cowardice (cf. virnu) 1356 ko'u KOhA4 it-5 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #5 (specified by goi) 1357 fatne fat fa'e reverse x1 [sequence] is in reverse order from x2 [sequence]; x1 (object) is inverted from x2 (object)[also opposite (one sense)]; (cf. cmavo list fa'e, dukti) 1358 jdari jar firm x1 is firm/hard/resistant/unyielding to force x2 under conditions x3(cf. nandu, ralci, randa, ranti, tinsa, sligu, stodi) 1359 dimna dim fate x1 is a fate/destiny of x2; [doom, curse are mabla-forms]; x2 is fated/predestined/doomed to x1[fated/destined/doomed (= seldimna)]; (cf. dapma) 1360 vrusi vus vu'i taste x1 (ka) is a taste/flavor of/emitted by x2; x2 tastes of/like x1[also: x2 tastes of seasoning x1, x1 is a seasoned flavor of x2 (= tsapyvu'i); vrusi may overlap the senses of taste and smell, since the latter is a significant component of taste]; (cf. kukte, tsapi, cpina) 1361 su'i VUhU1 plus n-ary mathematical operator: plus; addition operator; [(((a + b) + c) + ...)] 1362 ji'e BAI up to limit jimte modal, 1st place limitedly; up to limit ... 1363 ladru lad milk x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of milk from source x2; (adjective:) x1 is lactic/dairy(cf. lanbi, mabru, tatru, cirla, kruji) 1364 mikce mic doctor x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/cure x4[also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)]; (cf. bilma, kanro, spita) 1365 citri cir history x1 is a history of x2 according to x3 (person)/from point-of-view x3[also historic/historical (= cirtermo'i, cirvai)]; (cf. muzga) 1366 .uecu'i UI*1 not very surprised attitudinal: surprise - not really surprised - expectation axis 1367 bruna bun bu'a brother x1 is brother of/fraternal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necess. biological](cf. mensi, tunba, tamne, famti, bersa) 1368 kurki bitter x1 is bitter/acrid/sharply disagreeable to observer/sense x2(cf. titla, slari) 1369 malsi mas temple x1 is a temple/church/sanctuary/synagogue/shrine of religion x2 at location/serving area x3[x2 may be event of form (... worships/pays/respect to ...), hence (metaphorically extending to) monument (= mojmalsi, si'armalsi)]; (cf. cevni, krici, lijda, ritli) 1370 dembi deb bean x1 is a bean/pea/leguminous seed from plant [legume] x2(cf. grute, sobde, tsiju) 1371 ra'u UI3 chiefly discursive: chiefly - equally - incidentally (cf. ralju, vajni) 1372 gadri gad article x1 is an article/descriptor labelling description x2 (text) in language x3 with semantics x4[x2 is the noun phrase/sumti without the article/descriptor; description ((x1 with x2) = gadysu'i); note: 'determiner' has become the accepted general linguistics term, displacing 'article'; however, 'determiner' includes all words that can introduce a noun phrase/sumti, whether a description or not, such as pronoun possessives like lemi, quantifiers (especially in indefinites) like ci and su'o, and demonstratives like ti, ta, and tu; the term 'descriptor' in Lojban, is limited to words that introduce descriptions (excluding indefinites), such as those of selma'o LA and LE, their common compounds such as lemi, and possibly lenu]; 'article' typically refers only to a single word; Lojban assumes the broader meaning] (cf. valsi, cmavo) 1373 .a'ucu'i UI*1 disinterest attitudinal: interest - disinterest - repulsion 1374 xalni panic x1 (person) is panicked by crisis x2 (event/state)(cf. ckape, snura, terpa, xanka) 1375 xislu xil xi'u wheel x1 is a wheel [tool] of device/vehicle x2, made of materials/having properties x3(cf. carce, karce, pulni, tutci) 1376 sesi'u BAI* assisting sidju modal, 2nd place assisting ... (in doing/maintaining something) 1377 kunra kun mineral x1 is/contains/is made from a mineral/ore of type/metal x2 mined from location/lode/mine x3(cf. jinme, bisli, rokci, jemna) 1378 dirgo dig drop x1 is a drop [small, cohesive shape] of material [liquid/vapor] x2 in surrounding material x3(cf. daplu, bidju) 1379 jinme jim metal x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of made of metal of composition including x2[(adjective:) x1 is metallic]; (cf. cnisa, gasta, lastu, margu, nikle, ransu, romge, sodna, tinci, tirse, tunka, zinki, kunra, sodva) 1381 muzga muz museum x1 is a museum for preserving [and possibly exhibiting] x2 at location x3(cf. citri) 1382 merli mre measure x1 (agent) measures/evaluates x2 [quantity] as x3 units on scale x4 (si'o), with accuracy x5(cf. kancu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, ckilu, gradu, satci, centi, cimde, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, kramu, litce, manri, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro) 1383 carce cart x1 is a cart/carriage/wagon [wheeled vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3(cf. karce, xislu, marce, matra) 1384 vi'e VIhA 4-space interval dimensionality of space interval tense: 4-space interval; throughout a spacetime 1385 ratcu rat x1 is a rat of species/breed x2(cf. smacu) 1386 ke'unai UI*3 continuing discursive: repeating - continuing 1387 xarnu stubborn x1 is stubborn/willfully opposing/resisting x2 about x3 (event/state)[x2 may be a person, a state or condition, or a force; the essence is willful resistance]; (cf. tinsa, pante, bapli, fapro) 1388 fukpi fuk fu'i copy x1 is a copy/replica/duplicate/clone of x2 in form/medium x3 made by method x4 (event)(cf. krefu, rapli, gidva) 1389 stati talent x1 has a talent/aptitude/innate skill for doing/being x2(cf. jinzi, certu, rarna, larcu, kakne) 1390 jicla stir x1 (object, or event: force) stirs/mixes/[roils/agitates] fluid (gas/liquid) x2[convection (= nenflejicla); agentive stirring (= jiclygau, jiclyzu'e)]; (cf. fanza, tunta, mixre) 1391 mruli mru hammer x1 [tool] is a hammer for/hammers x2 [target] consisting of weight/head x3 propelled by x4(cf. tutci) 1392 bende bed be'e crew x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4(x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra (= zgibe'e, balzgibe'e), outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)]; (cf. gunma, girzu, dansu, jatna, jitro, kagni, kamni, minde, ralju, cecmu, gidva) 1393 da'a PA4 all except digit/number: all except n; all but n; default 1 1394 .i'unai UI*1 mystery attitudinal: familiarity - mystery 1395 kruji ruj cream x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of cream/emulsion/puree [consistency] of composition x2[x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]]; (cf. ladru, matne) 1396 ke'e KEhE end grouping elidable terminator: end of tanru left grouping override (usually elidable) 1397 stagi vegetable x1 is the edible x2 portion of plant x3; x1 is a vegetable[note that fruits and nuts are also vegetables; generally this word will be used for either the general category of edible plants, or for non-fruit vegetables (= nalrutstagi)]; (cf. grute, kobli, narge, sluni, spati, sunga, tamca) 1398 fi'u PA3 fraction slash digit/number: fraction slash; default "/n" => 1/n, "n/" => n/1, or "/" alone => golden ratio 1399 lenjo len le'o lens x1 is a lens/glass [focussing shape/form] focussing x2 to focus/foci x3 by means/material x4[(adjective:) x1 is optical; focussing may be optical or otherwise, hence x2 which may be light, sound, X-ray, etc., default is light/optical lens; ka is refraction] (cf. kacma, minra) 1400 cinki insect x1 is an insect/arthropod of species x2; [bug/beetle](cf. civla, danlu, jalra, jukni, manti, sfani, toldi, bifce) 1401 bi'unai UI*3 old information discursive: newly introduced information - previously introduced information 1402 canja caj exchange x1 exchanges/trades/barters commodity x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/merchant/businessman [also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are commercial (better expressed as ka canja, kamcanja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event (possibly service), or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posycanja for unambiguous semantics); (cf. dunda, friti, vecnu, zarci, jdini, pleji, jdima, jerna, kargu; see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, banxa, cirko, dunda, janta, kargu, prali, sfasa, zivle) 1403 respa res reptile x1 is a reptile of species/breed x2(cf. danlu, banfi, since) 1404 betri bet tragedy x1 is a tragedy/disaster/tragic for x2(cf. badri, xlali, morsi, binra) 1405 basna emphasize x1 emphasizes/accentuates/gives emphasis/stress/accent to x2 by (action) x3[also: say forcefully] (cf. pandi) 1406 vensa ves spring x1 is spring/springtime [warming season] of year x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is vernal(cf. citsi, crisa, critu, dunra) 1407 ma'e BAI material object marji modal, 1st place material in object/substance ... 1408 slari sar sour x1 is sour/tart to observer x2(cf. slami, titla, kurki, nimre) 1409 cando cad idle x1 is idle/at rest/inactive["in motion", not implying a change in location, is negation of this]; (cf. surla) 1410 dzipo zip zi'o Antarctican x1 reflects Antarctican culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2(cf. ketco, friko, sralo, terdi) 1411 ginka gik camp x1 is a camp/encampment/temporary residence of x2 at location x3(cf. dinju, xabju, zdani) 1412 dikni dik regular x1 is regular/cyclical/periodic in property (ka)/activity x2 with period/interval x3[also uniform; resonant (= dikslicai)]; (cf. slilu, rilti, xutla, manfo, boxna) 1413 ca'i BAI by authority of catni modal, 1st place by authority of ... 1414 xutla xul smooth x1 is smooth/even/[soft/silky] in texture/regularity(cf. plita, rufsu, tengu, dikni, pinta, sakli, spali) 1415 va'e MOI scalar selbri convert number to scalar selbri; x1 is at (n)th position on scale x2 1416 burna embarrassed x1 is embarrassed/disconcerted/flustered/ill-at-ease about/under conditions x2 (abstraction)(cf. cinmo) 1417 sombo som so'o sow x1 sows/plants x2 [crop/plants] at/in x3(cf. crepu, tsiju) 1418 xecto xet cto 100 x1 is a hundred [100; 1x10**2] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xexso, zepti, zetro) 1419 me'u MEhU end sumti to selbri elidable terminator: end sumti that was converted to selbri; usually elidable 1420 kruvi ruv kru curve x1 is a curve/turn/bend in x2, at locus x3, and defined by set of points/properties x4[(adjective:) x1 is curved; (x4 as a set of points is sufficiently specified to identify the relevant properties of the bend)]; (cf. korcu, bargu, genxu, linji, sirji) 1421 .o'anai UI*1 shame attitudinal: pride - modesty/humility - shame 1422 sliri sulfur x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sulfur/brimstone (S); [metaphor: foul odor, volcanic](cf. xukmi, panci, pelxu) 1423 jgalu ja'u claw x1 is a/the claw/nail/talon [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed, penetrating, physical weapon] (cf. denci, jirna, batci) 1424 .o'e UI1 closeness attitudinal: closeness - distance (cf. cnijbi, cnikansa) 1425 rijno rij silver x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of silver/argentum (Ag); [metaphor: valuable, tarnishing](cf. solji) 1426 ralte ra'e retain x1 retains/keeps/holds x2 in its possession(cf. cirko, rinju, ponse, jgari, pinfu, stali, curmi) 1427 panci pan odor x1 is an odor/fragrance/scent/smell emitted by x2 and detected by observer/sensor x3[an undetected emitter is odorless to the observer]; (cf. nazbi, sumne, cpina) 1428 pikta ticket x1 is a ticket entitling x2 to entitlement/privilege x3 (event/state) under conditions x4(cf. jaspu) 1429 sluni onion x1 is a quantity of/contains onions/scallions of type/cultivar x2(cf. stagi) 1430 sodva sod soda x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of a carbonated beverage/soda of flavor/brand x2[also: soft drink (though this sometimes includes tea and coffee as distinct from alcoholic beverages which are "hard drinks")]; (cf. jilka, jinme) 1431 clika mossy x1 is a moss/lichen of species/strain x2 growing on x3; (adjective:) x1 is mossy(cf. mledi) 1432 mu'inai BAI* despite motive mukti modal, 1st place despite motive ... 1433 skori sko cord x1 is cord/cable/rope/line/twine/cordage/woven strands of material x2(cf. cilta, jgena, marna, bikla, linsi) 1434 xirma xir xi'a horse x1 is a horse/equine/[colt/mare/stallion/pony] of species/breed x2[(adjective:) x1 is equine/equestrian]; (cf. sufti, xasli, kumte) 1435 lai LA the mass of named name descriptor: the mass of individual(s) named ... ; takes name or selbri description 1436 pinta pin level x1 is flat/level/horizontal in gravity/frame of reference x2(cf. sraji, plita, xutla) 1437 xelso xes Greek x1 reflects Greek/Hellenic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2(cf. latmo, ropno) 1438 trina tri attract x1 attracts/appeals to/lures x2 (person/event) with property/quality x3 (ka)[also: x1 is alluring to x2]; (cf. djica, nelci, rigni, xlura, maksi) 1439 ga'icu'i UI*5 equal rank attitudinal modifier/honorific: hauteur - equal rank - meekness; used with one of equal rank 1440 gu GA fore whether logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal whether-or-not (with gi) 1441 seva'u BAI* with beneficiary xamgu modal, 2nd place beneficiary case tag for the benefit of...; with beneficiary ... 1442 karbi kab compare x1 [observer] compares x2 with x3 in property x4 (ka), determining comparison x5 (state)(cf. klani, mapti, sarxe, zmadu, mleca, dunli) 1443 garna gar rail x1 is a rail/railing/bar [tool] supporting/restraining x2, of material x3(cf. kamju, grana, tutci) 1444 du'eroi ROI* too many times tense interval modifier: too many times objective tense, defaults as time tense 1445 brodu predicate var 5 5th assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure) 1446 dirce di'e radiate x1 radiates/emits x2 under conditions x3(cf. gusni) 1447 maxri xri wheat x1 is a quantity of wheat [grain] of species/strain x2(cf. gurni) 1448 marce ma'e vehicle x1 is a vehicle/mode of transport carrying x2 in/on surface/medium x3, propelled by x4(cf. klama, matra, bevri, bloti, carce, karce, sabnu, skiji) 1449 rilti ril rhythm x1 (sequence/non-text quote) is a rhythm/beat of music/expressive form x2[not necessarily oscillatory/regular pattern]; (cf. damri, pemci, tonga, zgike, slilu, dikni, sanga, morna) 1450 sluji slu muscle x1 is a/the muscle [body-part] controlling x2, of body x3; [metaphor: tools of physical power][(adjective:) x1/x2/x3 is muscular (different senses)]; (cf. rectu, xadni, zajba) 1451 nirna nir nerve x1 is a nerve/neuron [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: information/control network connection][also (adjective:) x1 is neural]; (cf. ve benji) 1452 panje sponge x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sponge/porous material[also metaphorically used for coral, Swiss cheese]; (cf. cokcu for a generalized absorbant) 1453 fulta ful flu float x1 (passive) floats on/in fluid (gas/liquid) x2; x1 is buoyant(cf. limna, bloti, sakli) 1454 bradi enemy x1 is an enemy/opponent/adversary/foe of x2 in struggle x3(cf. damba, jamna, darlu, pendo, fapro, gunta, sarji, jivna, jinga) 1455 murse glimmering x1 is the [astronomical] twilight/dawn/dusk/half-light/glimmering of day x2 at location x3[morning twilight, dawn (= cermurse); evening twilight, dusk (= vacmurse)]; (cf. cerni, kandi, vanci) 1456 sepu'a BAI* in order to please pluka modal, 2nd place (for) pleasingly; pleasing ...; in order to please ... 1457 skaci skirt x1 is a skirt/kilt/dress of material x2; x1 is skirted [garment open at the bottom; not legged][a skirted garment may be full length (pastu), but must hang below the waist from support above or at the waist]; (cf. taxfu, palku) 1458 ni'u PA3 negative number digit/number: minus sign; negative number); default any negative 1459 toldi tod butterfly x1 is a butterfly/moth of species/breed x2(cf. cinki) 1460 ti'i BAI suggested by stidi modal, 1st place suggested by ...; proposed by ... 1461 jilra jealous x1 (person) is jealous of/envies x2 (person) about/for x3 (property - ka)(cf. cinmo) 1462 gradu rau unit x1 [magnitude] is a unit/degree of/on scale/reference standard x2 (si'o) measuring property x3[also grade, level, point; x3 dimension]; (cf. ckilu, kantu, kelvo, merli, ranti, selci) 1463 balji bulb x1 is a bulb [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: rounded, bulgy](cf. punli, batke) 1464 si'e MOI portion selbri convert number to portion selbri; x1 is an (n)th portion of mass/totality x2; (cf. gunma) 1465 no'o PA5 typical value digit/number: typical/average value 1466 plana plump x1 is plump/fat/obese [excessively thick/bulbous/swollen] by standard x2(cf. cinla, rotsu, barda, punli, grasu) 1467 ka'i BAI represented by krati modal, 1st place represented by ... 1468 cinta paint x1 [material] is a paint of pigment/active substance x2, in a base of x3(cf. pixra, skari) 1469 cutne cut chest x1 is a/the chest/thorax/upper trunk/[rib cage/breast] [body-part] of x2(cf. cnebo, betfu, xadni, tanxe) 1470 tutci tci tool x1 is a tool/utensil/resource/instrument/implement used for doing x2; [form determines function] (cf. cabra, minji, se pilno, zukte, sazri, basic tool types: salpo, pulni, cfine, klupe, jendu, xislu, vraga; utensils: forca, smuci, dakfu; specifics: balre, mruli, cinza, garna, pijne, pambe, canpa, pilno, vraga) 1471 dukti dut opposite x1 is polar opposite from/contrary to x2 in property/on scale x3 (property/si'o)(cf. ranxi, ragve, fatne) 1472 tu'o PA5 null operand digit/number: null operand (used in unary operations); a non-specific/elliptical number 1473 sema'e BAI* made of material marji modal, 2nd place made of material/composition ... 1474 .e'inai UI*1 challenge attitudinal: feeling constraint - independence - challenge/resistance against constraint 1475 voi NOI descriptive clause non-veridical restrictive clause used to form complicated le-like descriptions using "ke'a" 1476 kolme kol ko'e coal x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of coal/peat/anthracite/bituminous from source x2(cf. tabno, tarla) 1477 slaka syllable x1 is a syllable in language x2(cf. sance, valsi, bangu) 1478 mi'u UI3b ditto discursive: ditto (cf. mintu) 1479 manri mar reference x1 is a frame of reference/standard for observing/measuring/determining x2, with/by rules x3(x1 may be object or si'o idea); (cf. cmavo list ma'i, ckilu, merli, pajni, cimde, jdice, marde) 1480 lo'o LOhO end mex sumti elidable terminator: end math express.(mex) sumti; end mex-to-sumti conversion; usually elidable 1481 bunre bur bu'e brown x1 is brown/tan [color adjective](cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi) 1482 mebri meb brow x1 is a/the brow/forehead [projecting flat/smooth head/body-part] of x2(cf. stedu, flira) 1483 mau BAI exceeded by zmadu modal, 1st place (a greater) exceeded by ... ; usually a sumti modifier 1484 nu'u NUhU end fore termset elidable terminator: end forethought termset; usually elidable except with following sumti 1485 bi'o BIhI ordered interval non-logical interval connective: ordered from ... to ... 1486 punli pul swelling x1 is a swelling/protrusion/convexity [shape/form] at/in/on x2, of material x3[(adjective:) x1 is swollen]; (cf. balji, cmana, plana) 1487 jbari jba berry x1 is a berry (fruit/plant) of plant/species x2(cf. grute, tsiju, narge, grute) 1488 sakta sat sugar x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of sugar [sweet edible] from source x2 of composition x3[also sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, lactose, etc.; saccharine/aspartame/sugar substitute (basysakta or sakybasti, ticysakta); x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. silna, titla) 1489 rorci ror procreate x1 engenders/procreates/begets x2 with coparent x3(cf. grute, gutra, rirni, se panzi, mamta, patfu, tarbi, bersa, ferti, jbena, sovda) 1490 litce lic liter x1 is x2 liter(s) [metric unit] in volume (default is 1) by standard x3(cf. merli, grake, mitre, dekpu, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro) 1491 stika tik adjust x1 (event) adjusts/regulates/changes x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3[non-resultative, agentive change]; (cf. cenba which need not be agentive, galfi which is agentive and resultative, binxo which need not be agentive but is resultative, zasni, stodi) 1492 zargu zag za'u buttock x1 is a/the buttock(s)/arse/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, support][also ass, behind, butt]; (cf. ganxo, mabla) 1493 nimre citrus x1 is a quantity of citrus [fruit/tree, etc.] of species/strain x2(cf. grute, slari, slami, xukmi) 1494 genxu gex hook x1 is a hook/crook [shape/form] of material x2(cf. kruvi, korcu) 1495 lanme lan sheep x1 is a sheep/[lamb/ewe/ram] of species/breed x2 of flock x3(cf. kanba, sunla) 1496 tarci tar star x1 is a star/sun with stellar properties x2(cf. solri, tsani) 1497 ti'u BAI associated with time tcika modal, 1st place (for letters) associated with time ... ; attach time stamp 1498 mirli deer x1 is a deer/elk/moose/[hart/stag/doe] of species/breed x2(cf. mabru, danlu) 1499 smoka smo sock x1 is a sock/stocking [flexible foot and lower leg garment] of material x2(cf. cutci, taxfu) 1500 denci den de'i tooth x1 is a/the tooth [body-part] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is dental(for metaphor: see dakfu, pagre, jgalu); (cf. moklu, dakfu, pagre, jgalu, batci, bongu) 1501 ratni rat atom x1 is an atom of element/atomic number x2 of isotope number/atomic weight x3(cf. kantu for a basic unit of a property or activity; selci for a basic physical subunit, generally of a mass) 1502 kluza luz loose x1 (obj.) is loose/bloused/not tight on x2 (obj.) at locus x3(cf. tagji, trati, rinju) 1503 mexno mex Mexican x1 reflects Mexican culture/nationality in aspect x2(cf. xispo, bemro, spano) 1504 ke'o COI please repeat vocative: please repeat 1505 derxi dre heap x1 is a heap/pile/stack/mound/hill of materials x2 at location x3(cf. cmana) 1506 be'i BAI sent by benji modal, 1st place (sender) sent by ... 1507 ku'a JOI intersection non-logical connective: intersection of sets 1508 burcu bru brush x1 is a brush for purpose x2 (event) with bristles x3(cf. komcu, pinsi) 1509 ga'e BY1 upper-case shift upper-case letteral shift 1510 boi BOI end number or lerfu elidable terminator: terminate numeral or letteral string 1511 jendu jed axle x1 is an axle/spindle [tool] on which x2 rotates, of material/properties x3(cf. se carna, gunro, tutci) 1512 satre sa'e stroke x1 (agent) strokes/rubs/pets x2 with x3[pet (= pamsa'e)]; (cf. mosra, pencu) 1513 kelvo ke'o kelvin x1 is x2 degree(s) Kelvin [metric unit] in temperature (default is 1) by standard x3(cf. gradu, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro) 1514 ro'i UI4 emotional emotion category/modifier: emotional - denying emotion (cf. cinmo) 1515 kilto ki'o 1000 x1 is a thousand [1000; 1x10**3] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro, minli) 1516 me'a BAI undercut by mleca modal, 1st place (a lesser) undercut by ... ; usually a sumti modifier 1517 ketco ket tco South American x1 reflects South American culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2(cf. merko, xispo, brazo, gento, spano) 1518 cteki tek ce'i tax x1 is a tax/levy/duty on goods/services/event x2 levied against x3 by authority/collector x4[also custom, toll, tariff, tribute] (cf. pleji, flalu, turni) 1519 jukni juk spider x1 is a spider/arachnid/[crustacean/crab/lobster/non-insect arthropod] of species/breed x2(cf. cinki, danlu) 1520 ba'u UI3 exaggeration discursive: exaggeration - accuracy - understatement (cf. satci, dukse) 1521 taske thirst x1 thirsts for x2; x1 needs/wants drink/fluid/lubrication x2(cf. nitcu, djica, xagji, pinxe) 1522 zasni zas temporary x1 is temporary/not permanent/expected to change in property x2 (ka) by standard/expectant x3[also transient]; (cf. vitno, stodi, cenba, galfi, binxo, stika, stali, tcini, vitke) 1523 falnu fan sail x1 is a sail for gathering propelling material x2 on vehicle/motor x3[waterwheel (= jacfanxi'u)]; (cf. bloti) 1524 cecla cel ce'a launcher x1 launches/fires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion][also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)]; (cf. renro, danti, jakne, jbama, spoja) 1525 gutci guc cubit x1 is x2 (default 1) short local distance unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, x4 subunits[foot (= jmagutci); yard (= cibjmagutci), pace (= tapygutci), inch (= degygutci), cubit (= birgutci)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. mitre, clani, ganra, condi, rotsu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, minli, merli, bunda, kramu) 1526 sarxe sax harmonious x1 is harmonious/concordant/in agreement/concord with x2 in property x3 (ka)(cf. satci, panpi, mapti, tugni, ckini) 1527 vi'u VIhA 3-space interval dimensionality of space interval tense: 3-space interval; throughout a space 1528 jakne rocket x1 is a rocket [vehicle] propelled by jet expelling x2 carrying payload x3(cf. cecla, danti, spoja) 1529 ro'u UI4 sexual emotion category/modifier: sexual - sexual abstinence (cf. cinse) 1530 bumru bum fog x1 is foggy/misty/covered by a fog/mist/vapor of liquid x2(cf. djacu, carvi, danmo, lunsa, tcima, gapci) 1531 .a'inai UI*1 repose attitudinal: effort - no special effort - repose 1532 gi'o GIhA bridi iff logical connective: bridi-tail afterthought biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if 1533 nei GOhA current bridi pro-bridi: repeats the current bridi 1534 parbi pab ratio x1 (me'o, fraction) is a ratio/rate of x2 (quantity) with respect to x3 (quantity), [x2:x3][also x1 fraction/proportion/quotient; x2 dividend/numerator; x3 divisor/denominator]; (cf. frinu, dilcu, mekso) 1535 cinse cin sexual x1 in activity/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4[also: x1 courts/flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or role], ka[attraction to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) x1 is sexual/sexy; x1 is flirted with/courted by x2 (= cinfriti, cinjikca)]; (cf. gletu, pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi) 1536 be'u UI5 lack attitudinal modifier: lack/need - presence/satisfaction - satiation (cf. claxu, nitcu, mansa) 1537 ne'u FAhA1 south of location tense relation/direction; south of 1538 taxfu taf ta'u garment x1 is dress/a garment/clothing for wearing by x2 (gender/species/body part) serving purpose x3[also: x2 can wear/is wearing x1; refers to something intended for use as a garment, not merely something that happens to be worn at some time (which need not be true for dasni)]; (cf. creka, cutci, daski, dasni, gluta, kosta, mapku, palku, pastu, skaci, smoka, lunbe) 1539 jikru liquor x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of liquor/spirits distilled from x2(cf. barja, vanju, birje, xalka) 1540 janbe jab bell x1 is a bell/chime/[tuning fork] [tuned percussion instrument] producing sound/note x2[also: x1 rings/tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a bell); resonates (one sense, = jabdesku)]; (cf. zgike, tonga, desku, slilu) 1541 te'e FAhA3 bordering location tense relation/direction; edged by/edging up to ... 1542 curnu cur worm x1 is a worm/invertebrate animal of species/breed x2[also mollusk, snail (= cakcurnu), shellfish (= xaskemcakcurnu, xaskemcakydja); the generalization to invertebrate is because almost all multicellular invertebrates are indeed wormlike]; (cf. since, silka) 1543 .a'enai UI*1 exhaustion attitudinal: alertness - exhaustion 1544 na'i UI3a metalinguistic not discursive: metalinguistic negator (cf. naldra, nalmapti) 1545 cu'o MOI probability selbri convert number to probability selbri; event x1 has probability (n) of occurring under cond. x2 1546 bolci bol boi ball x1 is a ball/sphere/orb/globe [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a spherical object [made of x2] [also round]; (cf. bliku, cukla, bidju, gunro) 1547 ci'i PA5 infinity digit/number: infinity; followed by digits => aleph cardinality 1548 va'u BAI benefiting from xamgu modal, 1st place beneficiary case tag complement benefiting from ... 1549 lu'o LAhE the mass composed of the mass composed of; converts another description type to a mass composed of the members 1550 canpa cna shovel x1 is a shovel/spade [bladed digging implement] for digging x2(cf. kakpa, guska, tutci) 1551 rimni rim rhyme x1 rhymes/alliterates with x2 in language/phonetics x3, matching sound correspondence x4 (ka)[broad meaning of rhyme - any matching sound correspondence]; (cf. pemci, sanga) 1552 sunga sug garlic x1 is a quantity of garlic [bulb] of species/strain x2(cf. stagi) 1553 forca fro fork x1 is a fork/fork-type tool/utensil for purpose x2 with tines/prongs x3 on base/support x4(cf. dakfu, smuci, komcu, tutci) 1554 da'e KOhA2 eventual utterance pro-sumti: remote future utterance; "He'll tell you tomorrow. IT will be a doozy." 1555 cokcu cko soak up x1 soaks up/absorbs/sucks up x2 from x3 into x4; x1 is an absorbant(cf. panje, sakci, lacpu) 1556 pesxu pex paste x1 is paste/pulp/dough/mash/mud/slurry [soft, smooth-textured, moist solid] of composition x2[x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. marxa, kliti, tarla) 1557 betfu bef be'u abdomen x1 is a/the abdomen/belly/lower trunk [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: midsection][also stomach (= djaruntyrango), digestive tract (= befctirango, befctirangyci'e)]; (cf. cutne, livga, canti) 1558 zau BAI approved by zanru modal, 1st place approved by ... 1559 cunmi millet x1 is a quantity of millet [grain] of species/strain x2(cf. gurni) 1560 palku pak pants x1 are pants/trousers/slacks/leggings [legged garment] of material x2(cf. taxfu, pastu, skaci) 1562 xukmi xum xu'i chemical x1 is an instance of substance/chemical/drug x2 (individual or mass) with purity x3(cf. curve, cidro, marna, nimre) 1563 tutra tut territory x1 is territory/domain/space of/belonging to/controlled by x2(cf. catni, turni, jecta, gugde, ponse, steci, tumla) 1564 xanto elephant x1 is an elephant of species/breed x2(cf. mabru, barda) 1565 fi'a FA sumti place ? sumti place tag: place structure number/tag question 1566 se'a UI5 self-sufficiency attitudinal modifier: self-sufficiency - dependency (cf. sezysei, kantcu) 1567 bemro bem be'o North American x1 reflects North American culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2(cf. merko, kadno, xispo, mexno) 1568 vu'a FAhA1 west of location tense relation/direction; west of 1569 ko'o KOhA4 it-4 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #4 (specified by goi) 1570 kramu acre x1 is x2 local area unit(s) [non-metric] (default 1) by standard x3, x4 subunits(additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda) 1571 kumte camel x1 is a camel/llama/alpaca/vicuna/dromedary of species/breed x2[llama (= tcokumte), Bactrian camel (= zdokumte); Arabian camel/dromedary (= rabykumte)]; (cf. sunla, kanla, xirma, xasli) 1572 kafke cough x1 coughs/farts/burps up/out x2 [predominantly gaseous] from orifice x3(cf. bilma, senci, sputu, vamtu) 1573 runta dissolve x1 dissolves in solvent x2 forming solution/[suspension] x3 under conditions x4[suspension (= pucyteryrunta, pu'exre)]; (cf. litki, mixre, sligu, sudga) 1574 balre ba'e blade x1 is a blade of tool/weapon x2(cf. dakfu, tunta, tutci, guska, kinli, katna) 1575 sumne smell x1 (experiencer) smells/scents (transitive verb) x2; x2 smells/has odor/scent to observer x1(cf. nazbi, panci, cpina, ganse, zgana) 1576 ke'i GAhO exclusive interval open interval bracket marker; modifies intervals in non-logical connectives; exclude boundaries 1577 lanci flag x1 is a flag/banner/standard of/symbolizing x2 with pattern(s) x3 on material x4(cf. gugde, jecta) 1578 smani monkey x1 is a monkey/ape/simian/baboon/chimpanzee of species/breed x2(cf. mabru, danlu) 1579 slami acid x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of acid of composition x2; (adjective:) x1 is acidic[x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. slari, nimre) 1580 tamca tomato x1 is a tomato [fruit/vegetable/plant] of species/strain x2(cf. grute, stagi) 1581 ju'u VUhU2 number base binary mathematical operator: number base; [a interpreted in the base b] 1582 de'e KOhA2 soon utterance pro-sumti: a near future utterance 1583 lanxe lax balance x1 is in balance/equilibrium under forces x2 (mass)(cf. midju, nutli; fapro for balancing/opposing forces, nutli) 1584 softo sof Soviet x1 reflects Russian empire/USSR/ex-USSR (Soviet]/CIS culture/nationality in aspect x2(cf. rusko, vukro, slovo) 1585 gunse goose x1 is a goose/[gander] of species/breed x2(cf. cipni) 1586 vipsi vip deputy x1 is a deputy/vice/subordinate in aspect [or organization principle] x2 (ka) to principal x3[also assistant, adjutant]; (cf. krati, sidju) 1587 lu'i LAhE the set composed of the set with members; converts another description type to a set of the members 1588 ru'o BY1 Cyrillic shift shift letterals to Cyrillic alphabet 1589 frinu fraction x1 is a fraction, with numerator x2, denominator x3 (x2/x3)(cf. parbi, dilcu, mekso, fendi) 1590 zalvi zal grind x1 [individual or mass of hard surfaces] grinds/pulverizes/crushes x2 into powder x3[may need mosra tanru]; (cf. daspo, purmo, marxa, pulce, canre, molki) 1591 be'e COI request to send vocative: request to send/speak 1592 vu'e UI5 virtue attitudinal modifier: virtue - sin (cf. vrude, zungi) 1593 ganzu gaz organize x1 organizes x2 [relative chaos] into x3 [ordered/organized result] by system/principle(s) x4[x3 is also a system; x4 could be merely a function which inherently serves to dictate the organizational structure of x3]; (cf. ciste, morna, stura, bilni, cabra) 1594 margu mag mercury x1 is a quantity of/contains/made of mercury/quicksilver; [metaphor: fluid metal; temperature](cf. jinme) 1595 ci'u BAI on the scale ckilu modal, 1st place on the scale ... 1596 ranmi ram myth x1 is a myth/legend, a culturally significant story about x2 in mythos x3 of culture x4[also: x1 is mythical/fairy tale; used adjectivally for non-humanoid creatures (= ramda'u) of story/myth/legend/religion, e.g. dragon; fairy tale (= veryranmi)]; (cf. lijda, lisri, crida) 1597 vitno vi'o permanent x1 is permanent/lasting/[eternal] in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 [time-span/expectant one][also everlasting]; (cf. stodi, cimni, zasni, manfo, stali) 1598 sakci sak suck x1 sucks/is suction/vacuum/relatively low pressure of fluid/gas x2 relative to high pressure x3[also suck object/fluid (= sakcpu or sakmuvgau)]; (cf. cokcu, lacpu, flecu) 1599 penbi peb pen x1 is a pen using ink x2 applied by process x3(cf. ciska, pinsi, xinmo, pimlu) 1600 cindu oak x1 is an oak, a type of tree of species/strain x2(cf. tricu) 1601 li'e BAI preceded by lidne modal, 1st place preceded by ...; non-time sequencing 1602 pi'i VUhU1 times n-ary mathematical operator: times; multiplication operator; [(((a * b) * c) * ...)] 1603 sfani fly x1 is a fly [a small non-stinging flying insect] of species/breed x2(cf. cinki, bifce) 1604 si'i VUhU4 sigma summation trinary mathematical operator: [sigma summation of a using variable b over range c] 1606 ganti gonad x1 is a/the testes/ovary/testicle/scrotum/balls/gonad/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, gender x3 [egg/sperm/pollen/gamete producing/bearing organ]; (cf. plibu, sovda, pinji, gutra, mabla) 1607 julne ju'e net x1 is a net/filter allowing passage of x2, prohibiting passage of x3, netting properties x4[also sieve]; (cf. komcu, ciste, jgena) 1608 cinza tongs x1 is a/are tong(s)/chopsticks/pincers/tweezers/pliers [tool/body-part] for x2 to pinch x3(cf. tutci) 1609 kenra ken cancer x1 is a cancer [malignant disease] in x2(cf. bilma, mikce, spita) 1610 gu'i GUhA fore tanru conn ? logical connective: tanru-internal forethought question (with gi) 1611 pandi pad punctuate x1 (agent) punctuates x2 (expression) with symbol/word x3 with syntactic/semantic effect x4(cf. lerfu, basna, denpa) 1612 critu autumn x1 is autumn/fall [harvest/cooling season] of year x2 at location x3(cf. citsi, crisa, dunra, vensa, crepu) 1613 jursa jus severe x1 (event/action/state) is severe/harsh to x2 [victim/experiencer](cf. gunta, vlile) 1614 cfika fik fi'a fiction x1 is a work of fiction about plot/theme/subject x2/under convention x2 by author x3[also story, lie, untrue]; (cf. cukta, lisri, prosa, fatci, jitfa, jetnu, xanri) 1615 fusra fur rotten x1 rots/decays/ferments with decay/fermentation agent x2; x1 is rotten/decayed/fermented(cf. birje, vanju, vifne) 1616 xazdo xaz zdo Asiatic x1 reflects Asiatic culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2(cf. polno, friko, jungo, rusko, ropno) 1617 rusko ruk ru'o Russian x1 reflects Russian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2(cf. softo, slovo) 1618 mifra mif code x1 is encoded/cipher text of plain-text x2 by code/coding system x3; x1 is in code; x3 is a code [code (= termifra)]; (cf. mipri, lerfu, sinxa) 1619 pe'e PEhE termset conn mark marks the following connective as joining termsets 1620 plini planet x1 is a planet revolving around x2 with planetary characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4(cf. lunra, mluni, terdi, solri, munje) 1621 purmo pum pu'o powder x1 is a powder of material x2[flour (= grupu'o, xripu'o)]; (cf. pulce, zalvi) 1622 fe'u FEhU end modal selbri elidable terminator: end nonce conversion of selbri to modal; usually elidable 1623 go'ira'o GOhA* true for me too pro-bridi: preceding bridi; repeats claim as true, updating for speaker/listener change 1624 tarla tar x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of tar/asphalt from source x2(cf. kolme, pesxu, snipa) 1625 vo'o KOhA4 x4 it pro-sumti: repeats 4th place of main bridi of this sentence 1626 ku'u BAI in culture kulnu modal, 1st place in culture ... 1627 zbani bay x1 is a bay in/of coast/shoreline x2(cf. lalxu, xamsi) 1628 ki'i BAI as a relation of ckini modal, 1st place (related to) relatively; as a relation of ... 1629 trati taut x1 is taut/tense/strained tight in direction x2(cf. tinsa, torni, tagji, tcena, kluza) 1630 dunja duj freeze x1 freezes/jells/solidifies at temperature x2 and pressure x3(cf. febvi, lunsa, runme, sligu) 1631 jenmi jem jei army x1 (mass) is an army serving group/community x2 (mass) in function x3 (activity)(cf. bilni, sonci, xarci) 1633 ti'o SEI mex precedence mathematical expression (mex) operator precedence (discursive) 1634 bisli bis ice x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains ice [frozen crystal] of composition/material x2[composition including x2, which need not be a complete composition]; (cf. kunra, runme, lenku, krili, bratu, snime, carvi) 1635 cakla chocolate x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of chocolate/cocoa(cf. ckafi) 1636 xarci xac xa'i weapon x1 is a weapon/arms for use against x2 by x3[gun/cannon (= celxa'i)]; (cf. jenmi, sonci, catra) 1637 gu'o GUhA fore tanru iff logical connective: tanru-internal forethought biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if (with gi) 1638 ranxi rax irony x1 is ironic(al)/contrary to expectation x2 in state/property/aspect x3(cf. dukti, frica, cizra) 1639 snime si'e snow x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity/expanse of snow(cf. bratu, carvi, bisli) 1640 snidu nid second x1 is x2 seconds in duration (default is 1 second) by standard x3(cf. cacra, junla, mentu, tcika, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro) 1641 rango rag organ x1 is a/the body organ [body-part] of body/species x2 performing function x3[also sweetmeat (= ragdja)] (cf. besna, livga) 1642 bakfu baf bundle x1 is a bundle/package/cluster/clump/pack [shape/form] containing x2, held together by x3(cf. daski, dakli, tanxe) 1643 fu'o FUhO end indicator scope end indicator long scope; terminates scope of all active indicators 1644 du'a FAhA1 east of location tense relation/direction; east of 1645 plibu pib pubic x1 is a/the pubic area/external genitalia [body-part] of x2(cf. cinse, gletu, pinji, vibna, vlagi, ganti, mabla) 1646 tsapi seasoning x1 is a seasoning/condiment/spice causing flavor/effect x2 (event/property)[also: x1 flavors x2 (tu'a)]; (cf. vrusi) 1647 cilta cil thread x1 is a thread/filament/wire [shape/form] of material x2(cf. fenso, nivji, skori, silka) 1648 radno ra'o radian x1 is x2 radian(s) [metric unit] in angular measure (default is 1) by standard x3[measured in degrees (julra'o); right ascension [astronomical measurement] (= cacryra'o)] (cf. jganu, kilto, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, gutci, litce, megdo, mikri, milti, minli, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro) 1649 kamni committee x1 (mass) is a committee with task/purpose x2 of body x3[board of directors/trustees/cabinet (= trukamni, gritrukamni)] (cf. bende, kagni) 1650 zbabu bab soap x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of soap from source x2 of composition including x3(cf. lumci, fonmo) 1651 caxno cax shallow x1 is shallow in extent in direction/property x2 away from reference point x3 by standard x4(cf. condi, tordu, jarki, cinla, cmalu, jarki, jmifa) 1652 tamne cousin x1 is cousin to x2 by bond/tie x3; [non-immediate family member, default same generation][probably preferred for metaphorical siblings (over bruna)] (cf. dzena, famti, mensi, bruna, tunba) 1653 spita hospital x1 is a hospital treating patient(s) x2 for condition/injuries/disease/illness x3[hospice (a place where x2 of spita is lenu mrobi'o = mrospita)]; (cf. bilma, mikce) 1654 vidru vir virus x1 is a virus of species/breed/defining property x2 capable of infecting [at] x3(cf. jurme) 1655 marde mad morals x1 are the ethics/morals/moral standards/ethical standards of x2 (ind./mass) about situation x3[x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or rules of behavior; also principles; also conscience (= sezmarde)]; (cf. palci, vrude, lijda, manri, javni, tarti, zekri) 1656 febvi feb boil x1 boils/evaporates at temperature x2 and pressure x3[roil (= febjicla)]; (cf. dunja, lunsa, runme) 1657 vi'a VIhA 2-space interval dimensionality of space interval tense: 2-space interval; throughout an area 1658 jesni jes needle x1 is a needle [pointed shape/form, not tool] of material x2(cf. konju, pijne, jipno, kinli) 1659 jijnu jij intuit x1 (person) intuits x2 (du'u) about subject x3; [epistemology][words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. djuno, facki, jimpe, jinvi, nabmi, pensi, sidbo, smadi) 1660 ri'o VUhU4 integral trinary mathematical operator: [integral of a with respect to b over range c] 1661 vo'e KOhA4 x2 it pro-sumti: repeats 2nd place of main bridi of this sentence 1662 sirxo six Syrian x1 reflects Syrian culture/nationality in aspect x2(cf. xrabo) 1663 muslo mus Islamic x1 pertains to the Islamic/Moslem/Koranic [Quranic] culture/religion/nation in aspect x2[also Muslim]; (cf. jegvo, lijda) 1664 plixa lix plow x1 (agent) plows/furrows/tills [cuts into and turns up] x2 with tool x3 propelled by x4(cf. kakpa, sraku, katna, skuro) 1665 toknu tok oven x1 is an oven [enclosure that heats its contents] for baking/heating/drying x2(cf. nanba) 1666 venfu vef revenge x1 takes revenge on/retaliates against x2 (person) for wrong x3 (nu) with vengeance x4 (nu)[also avenge; (adjective:) x1 is vengeful]; (cf. sfasa, cnemu) 1667 sivni siv private x1 is private/personal/privy/[secret/confidential/confined] to x2; x1 is not-public/hidden[also: x1 is secret (one sense); x2 is in the know/in touch with/privy to x1 (= selsivni for reordered places); exclusion can be expressed by na'e(bo) in x2: excluded/in the dark (= nalselsivni)]; (cf. gubni, mipri) 1668 boxfo bof bo'o sheet x1 is a sheet/foil/blanket [2-dimensional shape/form flexible in 3 dimensions] of material x2(cf. plita, cinje, polje, slasi, tinci) 1669 nu'e COI promise vocative: promise - promise release - un-promise 1670 fatri fai distribute x1 is distributed/allotted/allocated/shared among x2 with shares/portions x3; (x2/x3 fa'u)[also spread, shared out, apportioned; agentive distribution (= fairgau, fairzu'e)]; (cf. cmavo list fa'u, fendi, preja, katna, tcana) 1671 jipci chicken x1 is a chicken/[hen/cock/rooster]/small fowl [a type of bird] of species/breed x2(cf. cipni) 1672 misro Egyptian x1 reflects Egyptian culture/nationality in aspect x2(cf. friko, muslo, xrabo) 1673 se'o UI2 I know internally evidential: I know by internal experience (dream, vision, or personal revelation) (cf. senva) 1674 ga'o GAhO inclusive interval closed interval bracket marker; mod. intervals in non-logical connectives; include boundaries 1675 kantu ka'u quantum x1 is a quantum/ray/elementary particle/smallest measurable increment of property/activity x2[quantum ray (= bonka'u)]; (cf. selci for masses and most objects; ratni, gradu, gusni, nejni, linji) 1676 ckilu ci'u scale x1 (si'o) is a scale of units for measuring/observing/determining x2 (state)(cf. cmavo list ci'u, gradu, merli, cimde, manri) 1677 matra motor x1 is a motor/engine, driving/propelling/providing power to x2(cf. marce, minji, carce) 1678 delno del de'o candela x1 is x2 candela [metric unit] in luminosity (default is 1) by standard x3(cf. centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro) 1679 da'u KOhA2 earlier utterance pro-sumti: a remote past utterance; "She couldn't have known that IT would be true." 1680 xrabo rab Arabic x1 reflects Arabic-speaking culture/nationality in aspect x2(cf. sadjo, semto, lubno, rakso, sirxo) 1681 pruni pun elastic (adjective:) x1 is elastic/springy(cf. ckabu, tcena) 1682 xotli xol xoi hotel x1 is a hotel/inn/hostel at location x2 operated by x3(cf. barja, gusta) 1683 bindo bid Indonesian x1 reflects Indonesian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2(cf. bindo, meljo, baxso) 1684 vo'u KOhA4 x5 it pro-sumti: repeats 5th place of main bridi of this sentence 1685 sa'i VUhU4 matrix of columns n-ary mathematical operator: operands are vectors to be treated as matrix columns 1686 sa'o VUhU4 derivative trinary mathematical operator: [derivative of a with respect to b of degree c] 1687 tinci tin x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of tin (Sn); [metaphor: cheap or base metal](cf. gunma, lante, boxfo, cnisa, jinme) 1688 kanxe kax conjunction x1 is a conjunction, stating that x2 (du'u) and x3 (du'u) are both true(cf. vlina) 1689 cerda ced heir x1 is an heir to/is to inherit x2 (object/quality) from x3 according to rule x4[pedantically, inheriting an object should be a sumti-raising (tu'a if non-abstract in x2) of inheriting loka ponse the object - the ownership of the object (= posycerda, posyselcerda for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. jgina) 1690 jo'i JOhI array join mathematical expression (mex) operands into an array 1691 mekso mek me'o MEX x1 [quantifier/expression] is a mathematical expression interpreted under rules/convention x2(cf. cmaci, dilcu, fancu, frinu, jalge, namcu, parbi, pilji) 1692 mapni cotton x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of cotton [type of fabric/material](cf. bukpu) 1693 ni'e NIhE selbri to operand convert selbri to mex operand; used to create new non-numerical quantifiers; e.g. "herd" of oxen 1694 vukro vur vu'o Ukrainian x1 reflects Ukrainian language/culture/nationality in aspect x2(cf. slovo, softo) 1695 ge'i GA fore conn ? logical connective: forethought all but tanru-internal connective question (with gi) 1696 pai PA5 pi digit/number: pi (approximately 3.1416...) 1697 zu'a FAhA2 on the left of location tense relation/direction; leftwards/to the left of ... 1698 bratu hail x1 is hail/sleet/freezing rain/solid precipitation of material/composition including x2[this is the substance, not the act or manner of its falling, which is carvi]; (cf. carvi, snime, bisli, tcima) 1699 klupe lup lu'e screw x1 is a screw [fastener] for purpose x2, threads [pitch, material] x3, frame [size, material] x4 [also bolt]; (cf. korcu, sarlu, tutci) 1700 vu'i LAhE the sequence of sumti qualifier: the sequence made from set or composed of elements/components; order is vague 1701 sodna sodium x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali metal of type x2 [default sodium][also potassium, lithium, cesium]; [soda] (cf. jilka, jinme) 1702 kadno Canadian x1 reflects Canadian culture/nationality in aspect x2(cf. bemro, glico) 1703 polno pol Polynesian x1 reflects Polynesian/Oceanian (geographic region) culture/nationality/languages in aspect x2(cf. sralo, daplu, xamsi) 1704 mavji mav oats x1 is a quantity of oats [grain] of species/strain x2(cf. gurni) 1705 cu'a VUhU3 absolute value unary mathematical operator: absolute value/norm |a| 1706 jgita git guitar x1 is guitar/violin/fiddle/harp [stringed musical instrument] with actuator/plectrum/bow x2[also lute, viola, cello]; (cf. zgike) 1707 sfofa sfo sofa x1 is a sofa/couch (noun)(cf. nilce) 1708 tanko tobacco x1 is a quantity of tobacco [leaf] of species/strain x2(cf. sigja, marna) 1709 semto sme Semitic x1 reflects Semitic [metaphor: Middle-Eastern] language/culture/nationality in aspect x2[Semitic includes Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Ethiopian, among others]; (cf. xrabo) 1710 jegvo jeg je'o Jehovist x1 pertains to the common Judeo-Christian-Moslem culture/religion/nationality in aspect x2[also Muslim]; (cf. lijda, muslo, dadjo, xriso) 1711 jirna horn x1 is a/the horn [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed extremity](cf. jgalu, bongu) 1712 dau PA2 hex digit A digit/number: hex digit A (decimal 10) [ten] 1713 matli linen x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of linen/flax [type of fabric/material](cf. bukpu) 1714 jduli dul jdu jelly x1 is a quantity of jelly/semisolid [texture] of material/composition including x2[(adjective:) x1 is gelatinous]; (cf. litki, sligu) 1715 pambe pump x1 is a pump/injector [tool/apparatus] pumping/inserting fluid x2 to x3 from x4 by means x5[x2 fluid may be liquid or gas; x5 may be a force; a pump generally causes a pressure gradient, such that x3 is a place of lower pressure, x4 a place of higher pressure]; (cf. gapci, litki, rinci; metaphorical use of fepri for gas, risna for liquid, rinci, tutci) 1716 go'o GOhA future bridi pro-bridi: repeats a future bridi, normally the next one 1717 lunsa lus condense x1 condenses/liquefies on/into x2 at temperature x3, pressure x4; x1 is dew/condensate on x2(cf. cilmo, dunja, febvi, runme, bumru) 1718 maksi mak magnet x1 is magnetic [adjective] producing magnetic field x2(cf. dikca, trina, xlura) 1719 pinji penis x1 is a/the clitoris/penis [projecting reproductive organ; body-part] of x2[normally context eliminates need for specificity; otherwise: penis (= nakpinji), clitoris (= fetpinji)]; (cf. cinse, gletu, vibna, plibu, vlagi, mabla, ganti) 1720 guska guk scrape x1 blade/scraper/erosive scrapes/erodes/abrades x2 from x3[abrade, abrasive (= mosyguska)]; (cf. balre, sraku, batci, canpa, mosra) 1721 pipno pi'o piano x1 is a piano/harpsichord/synthesizer/organ; a keyboard musical instrument(cf. zgike) 1722 nivji niv knit x1 (agent) knits x2 [cloth/object] from yarn/thread x3(cf. cilta, fenso, jivbu, pijne) 1723 flani flute x1 is a flute/pipe/fife/recorder [flute-like/air-reed musical instrument](cf. zgike) 1724 rismi ris rice x1 is a quantity of rice [a type of grain] of strain/cultivar x2(cf. gurni) 1725 ckunu ku'u conifer x1 is a conifer/pine/fir of species/strain x2 with cones x3(cf. tricu) 1726 gei VUhU2 exponential notation trinary mathematical operator: order of magnitude/value/base; [b * (c to the a power)] 1727 skiji sij ski x1 is a ski/skid/skate/runner for surface (of material) x2 supporting skier/skater/sled/cargo x3 (cf. sakli, marce, cutci) 1728 xispo xip Hispanic x1 reflects Hispano-American culture/nationalities in aspect x2[refers to Spanish-speaking Latin-American countries, not Brazil/Guyana]; (cf. merko, mexno, spano, ketco, bemro, gento) 1729 talsa tal challenge x1 (person) challenges x2 at/in property x3(cf. jinga, damba, darlu, jivna, nandu for a challenging event/situation) 1730 tanjo tangent x1 is the trigonometric tangent of angle/arctangent x2(cf. sinso) 1731 .u'unai UI*1 innocence attitudinal: repentance - lack of regret - innocence 1732 ge'o BY1 Greek shift shift letterals to Greek alphabet 1733 bu'e GOhA some selbri 2 logically quantified predicate variable: some selbri 2 1734 tunba tub sibling x1 is a sibling of x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3(cf. bruna, mensi, tamne) 1735 narge nag nut x1 is a nut [body-part: hard-shelled fruit] from plant/species x2 with shell x3 and kernel x4[also x4 nucleus, center (= velnarge for place reordering)]; (cf. grute, stagi, jbari, midju) 1736 janta jat account x1 is an account/bill/invoice for goods/services x2, billed to x3 by x4(cf. jdima, vamji, vecnu, canja, jerna, dejni, jbera) 1737 to'a BY1 lower-case shift lower-case letteral shift 1738 ne'o VUhU3 factorial unary mathematical operator: factorial; a! 1739 panka park x1 is a park/land reserve managed by community/polity/company x2 for purpose x3(cf. sorcu, zdile, klaji, purdi) 1740 molki mlo mill x1 is a mill/foundry/industrial plant/[assembly line] performing process x2[(unlike fanri,) need not produce a product; grain mill (= grumlo), grinding mill (= zalmlo, zalmlotci, zalmloca'a)]; (cf. gasta, gurni, tirse, fanri, zalvi) 1741 sigja sig cigar x1 is a cigar/cigarette/cigarillo made from tobacco/smokable substance x2 by x3(cf. danmo, jelca, tanko, marna) 1742 molro mo'o mole x1 is x2 mole(s) [metric unit] in substance (default is 1) by standard x3(cf. centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro) 1743 ra'e PA3 repeating decimal digit/number: repeating digits (of a decimal) follow 1744 baktu bucket x1 is a bucket/pail/can/deep, solid, wide-topped container of contents x2, made of material x3(cf. botpi, patxu, tansi, lante, lanka) 1745 lau LAU punctuation mark 2-word letteral/shift: punctuation mark or special symbol follows 1746 gundi gud industry x1 is industry/industrial/systematic manufacturing activity producing x2 by process/means x3(cf. cupra, fanri, rutni, zbasu) 1747 brodo predicate var 4 4th assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure) 1748 fenso fen fe'o sew x1 sews/stitches/sutures materials x2 (ind./set) together with tool(s) x3, using filament x4(x2 if a set must be a complete specification); (cf. cilta, jivbu, jorne, nivji, pijne, lasna) 1749 pijne pin x1 is a pin/peg (needle-shaped tool) for fastening to/piercing x2, of material/properties x3(cf. jesni, nivji, fenso, dinko, tutci) 1750 brito rit British x1 reflects British/United Kingdom culture/nationality in aspect x2(cf. glico, skoto, merko, ropno) 1751 dinko di'o nail x1 is a nail/tack [pointed driven/frictional fastener] of type/size x2 (ka), made of material x3 (x2 also can be ni abstraction); (cf. pijne, lasna) 1752 go'u GOhA earlier bridi pro-bridi: repeats a remote past bridi 1753 balni balcony x1 is a balcony/overhang/ledge/shelf of building/structure x2(cf. kajna) 1754 tatru tat breast x1 is a/the breast/mammary/teat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: projection providing liquid][nipple (= tatyji'o)]; (cf. ladru, mabru) 1755 cfine wedge x1 is a wedge [shape/form/tool] of material x2(cf. tutci) 1756 fu'a FUhA reverse Polish reverse Polish mathematical expression (mex) operator flag 1757 je'o BY1 Hebrew shift shift letterals to Hebrew alphabet 1758 tujli tuj tulip x1 is a tulip (defined by flower shape) of species/strain x2(cf. spati) 1759 na'a BY1 cancel shifts cancel all letteral shifts 1760 tei TEI composite lerfu composite letteral follows; used for muti-character letterals 1761 staku tak ceramic x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of ceramic made by x2, of composition x3, in form/shape x4[made of baked clay or other non-metallic solid; x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. kliti) 1762 zajba zaj gymnast x1 is a gymnast at/performs gymnastics feat x2(cf. sluji, dansu) 1763 ri'u FAhA2 on the right of location tense relation/direction; rightwards/to the right of ... 1764 fonmo fom fo'o foam x1 is a quantity of foam/froth/suds of material x2, with bubbles/vacuoles of material x3(cf. zbabu) 1765 damri drum x1 is a drum/cymbal/gong [percussion musical instrument] with beater/actuator x2(cf. rilti, zgike) 1766 tenfa tef exponential x1 is the exponential result of base x2 to power/exponent x3(cf. dugri) 1767 cicna cyan x1 is cyan/turquoise/greenish-blue [color adjective](cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, crino, blanu) 1768 re'a VUhU4 transpose unary mathematical operator: matrix transpose/dual; A* 1769 budjo buj bu'o Buddhist x1 pertains to the Buddhist culture/religion/ethos in aspect x2(cf. latna, lijda) 1770 xatsi xat 1E-18 x1 is 1x10**-18 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro) 1771 pe'o PEhO fore mex operator forethought flag for mathematical expression (mex) Polish (forethought) operator 1772 tabno tab carbon x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of carbon/graphite/[diamond]/charcoal; x1 is organic(cf. kolme) 1773 ransu bronze x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of bronze of composition including x2(cf. jinme, tunka, lastu) 1774 dekpu gallon x1 is x2 (default 1) local volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits[gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. canlu, litce, rupnu, fepni, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu) 1775 jabre brake x1 brakes/causes to slow motion/activity x2 with device/mechanism/principle x3(cf. mosra) 1776 jurme jum germ x1 is a bacteria/germ/microbe/protozoan/amoeba [1-celled life] of species/defining property x2(cf. vidru) 1777 cinje cij wrinkle x1 is a wrinkle/crease/fold [shape/form] in x2(cf. korcu, polje, boxfo, boxna) 1778 bifce bic bee x1 is a bee/wasp/hornet of species/breed x2(cf. cinki, sfani, lakse) 1779 jgina gin gene x1 is a gene of creature [or locus on creature] x2 determining trait/process x3[also chromosome = (gincilta, ginpoi)]; (cf. cerda) 1780 xurdo xur xu'o Urdu x1 reflects Urdu language/culture/nationality in aspect x2(cf. kisto, srito, xindo) 1781 bu'i GOhA some selbri 3 logically quantified predicate variable: some selbri 3 1782 nilce ni'e furniture x1 [furniture items] furnishes x2 [location] serving purpose/function x3(cf. ckana, jubme, sfofa, stizu, dacru) 1783 lubno lu'o Lebanese x1 reflects Lebanese culture/nationality in aspect x2(cf. xrabo) 1784 cirla cheese x1 is a quantity of/contains cheese/curd from source x2(cf. ladru) 1785 cnisa nis lead x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of lead (Pb); [metaphor: heavy, malleable, soft metal](cf. jinme, tinci) 1786 ctaru tide x1 is a tide [cyclical/periodic expansion] in x2 caused by x3(cf. xamsi) 1787 jaspu jap passport x1 is a passport issued to x2 (person) by authority x3 allowing x4 (activity)(cf. pikta, catni, curmi) 1788 tengu teg te'u texture x1 (property-ka) is a texture of x2(cf. rufsu, xutla) 1789 konju kon ko'u cone x1 is a cone [shape/form] of material x2 with vertex x3[also ellipse, ellipsoid (= konclupa)]; (cf. jesni, djine, sovda, kojna, jganu) 1790 ganxo gax anus x1 is a/the anus/anal orifice/asshole/arsehole [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste exit][also asshole/ass/arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is anal]; (cf. zargu, kalci, mabla, rinci) 1791 greku rek frame x1 is a frame/structure/skeleton/outline supporting/load-bearing/determining the form of x2(cf. korbi, stura, tsina, bongu) 1792 lanka basket x1 is a basket with contents x2, woven from material x3(cf. vasru, baktu) 1793 linto li'o lightweight x1 is light in mass/weight by standard x2(cf. junta, tilju; se xalbo, kandi for metaphor) 1794 jmifa shoal x1 is a shoal [shallow hazard]/reef of material x2 in body of water x3[rapids (= ri'erjmifa, ri'ercaxno)]; (cf. caxno) 1795 vai PA2 hex digit F digit/number: hex digit F (decimal 15) [fifteen] 1796 sacki match x1 is a match [incendiary device] made of x2(cf. fagri, jelca) 1797 tunka tuk copper x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of copper (Cu); [metaphor: reddish, electrical conductor](cf. jinme, lastu, ransu) 1798 trano nitrogen x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of nitrogen/ammonia/nitrates[(adjective:) x1 is nitric/nitrous]; (cf. vacri) 1799 dilcu quotient x1 is a quotient of 'x2/x3' [dividend x2 divided by divisor x3], leaving remainder x4(cf. frinu, fendi, katna, parbi, mekso) 1800 gu'e GUhA fore tanru and logical connective: tanru-internal forethought and (with gi) 1801 badna banana x1 is a banana/plantain [fruit/plant] of species/breed x2(cf. grute) 1802 bunda bud pound x1 is x2 (def. 1) local weight unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, subunits [e.g. ounces] x4(additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. grake, junta, tilju, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, kramu) 1803 sobde sob so'e soya x1 is a quantity of soya [grain/bean] of species/strain x2(cf. dembi, gurni) 1804 ge'a VUhU0 null operator mathematical operator: null mathematical expression (mex) operator (used in >2-ary ops) 1805 sunla sul wool x1 is a quantity of/made from/consists of wool [tight curly hair] from animal/species/source x2(cf. kosta, kumte, lanme, kanba, bukpu, kerfa) 1806 silka sik silk x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of silk produced by x2(cf. curnu, bukpu, cilta) 1807 jinzi jiz innate x1 (property - ka) is an innate/inherent/intrinsic/natural property/quality/aspect of x2(cf. lakne, rarna, stati, cmavo list ka'e, tcaci) 1808 mikri mik 1E-6 x1 is a millionth [1x10**-6] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro) 1809 fo'o KOhA4 it-9 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #9 (specified by goi) 1810 xexso xex 1E18 x1 is 1x10**18 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, zepti, zetro) 1811 jalna starch x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of starch from source x2 of composition including x3(cf. patlu, samcu) 1812 jo'e JOI union non-logical connective: union of sets 1813 nutli nul nu'i neutral x1 is neutral/not taking sides/medial/not towards any extreme on scale/in dissension x2[also x2 dispute/struggle (though x2 is not limited to disagreements, which is merely one manifestation of scalar or distributed values in which there is a medial position)]; (cf. midju, lanxe, milxe, mutce, cmavo list no'e) 1814 saclu decimal x1 (me'o) is the [decimal/binary] equivalent of fractional x2 (me'o) in base x3 (quantity)[conversion from fractions to decimal-point based notation] (cf. namcu, frinu) 1815 femti fem 1E-15 x1 is 1x10**-15 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro) 1816 srito Sanskrit x1 reflects Sanskrit language/Sanskritic/Vedic culture/nationality in aspect x2(cf. xindo, xurdo) 1817 fanri factory x1 is a factory/foundry/industrial plant/mill producing x2 from materials x3(cf. molki, gundi) 1818 fo'e KOhA4 it-7 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #7 (specified by goi) 1819 dejni dej owe x1 owes x2 in debt/obligation to creditor x3 in return for x4 [service, loan]; x1 is a debtor(cf. jbera, janta, zivle) 1820 patlu potato x1 is a potato [an edible tuber] of variety/cultivar x2(use samcu for starchy/tuberous roots that do not reproduce from eyes of tuber); (cf. genja, jalna, samcu) 1821 runme rum melt x1 melts [becomes liquid from solid state] at temperature x2 and pressure x3[x1 runs (= rumfle)]; (cf. dunja, febvi, lunsa, bisli) 1822 slasi las plastic x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains plastic/polymer of type/component unit(s) x2(cf. rutni, boxfo, bukpu) 1823 gu'u GUhA fore tanru whether logical connective: tanru-internal forethought whether-or-not (with gi) 1824 jarbu suburb x1 is a suburban area of city/metropolis x2(cf. nurma, se tcadu, ve tcadu) 1825 va'a VUhU3 additive inverse unary mathematical operator: additive inverse; [- a] 1826 ku'e KUhE end mex forethought elidable terminator: end mathematical (mex) forethought (Polish) expression; often elidable 1827 ju'e JOI vague connective vague non-logical connective: analogous to plain ".i" 1828 jalra cockroach x1 is a cockroach/[orthopteran/termite] of order/species/breed x2[also grasshopper (= pipyjalra); cricket (= sanjalra); locust, termite (= mantyjalra or mudyctijalra)]; (while cockroaches are an order unto themselves, they are part of Orthoptera, which includes grasshoppers, crickets, etc; termites are a closely-related non-Orthoptera, more akin to cockroaches than to e.g. ants); (cf. cinki, civla, manti) 1829 megdo meg 1E6 x1 is a million [1x10**6] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro) 1830 cimni infinite x1 is infinite/unending/eternal in property/dimension x2, to degree x3 (quantity)/of type x3[also everlasting, eternity, (= cimnytei), eternal (= cimnyteikai or temcimni)] (cf. vitno, renvi, munje, fanmo, sisti) 1831 jbera jer borrow x1 (agent) borrows/temporarily takes/assumes x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4[credit (= jernu'e); borrow/assume a property or quality as a chameleon does (= zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)]; (cf. dejni, janta, zivle) 1832 lakse lak wax x1 is quantity of wax [substance especially soft/moldable when warm] from source x2[also paraffin]; (cf. bifce, ranti, bidju) 1833 jo'o BY1 Arabic shift shift letterals to Arabic alphabet 1834 vlina alternation x1 is a logical alternation/disjunction, stating that x2 (du'u) and/or x3 (du'u) is/are true(cf. kanxe, cmavo list a, ja, gi'a, gu'a) 1835 cu'e CUhE modal ? tense/modal question 1836 dekto dek 10 x1 is ten [10; 1*10**1] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro) 1837 morko mor Moroccan x1 reflects Moroccan culture/nationality in aspect x2(cf. friko, xrabo, muslo) 1838 civla civ louse x1 is a louse/flea [blood-sucking arthropod] of species/breed x2, parasitic on x3(cf. cinki, jalra) 1839 figre fig fig x1 is a fig [fruit/tree] of species/strain x2(cf. grute) 1840 fepri lung x1 is a/the lung [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: breathing/respiratory apparatus/bellows][also (adjective:) x1 is pulmonary]; (cf. pambe, vasxu) 1841 ma'u PA3 positive number digit/number: plus sign; positive number; default any positive 1842 skoto kot ko'o Scottish x1 reflects Gaelic/Scottish culture/nationality/language in aspect x2[Irish (= sicko'o), Scottish (= sunko'o), Celtic (= dzeko'o), Welsh (= nanko'o), Breton (= fasko'o); since Scottish/Gaelic is only the northern branch of the Celtic tribes, many would prefer a le'avla for Celtic; nationalism might also demand a separate fu'ivla for Irish]; (cf. brito, glico) 1843 bilni bil military x1 is military/regimented/is strongly organized/prepared by system x2 for purpose x3[also paramilitary; soldier in its broadest sense - not limited to those trained/organized as part of an army to defend a state (= bilpre)]; (cf. jenmi for a military force, sonci, ganzu, pulji) 1844 xampo xap xa'o ampere x1 is x2 ampere(s) [metric unit] in current (default is 1) by standard x3(cf. dikca, flecu, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro) 1845 jisra juice x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of juice/nectar from-source/of-type x2[water-based extract from a (generally) biological source] (cf. pinxe, djacu, grute, stagi) 1846 ve'e VEhA whole space interval location tense interval: the whole of space 1847 bengo beg Bengali x1 reflects Bengali/Bangladesh culture/nationality/language in aspect x2(cf. xindo) 1848 kliti kit clay x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of clay [moist, clammy dirt] of composition including x2(cf. dertu, pesxu, staku) 1849 bu'o UI7 start emotion attitudinal contour: start emotion - continue emotion - end emotion 1850 lo'a BY1 Lojban shift shift letterals to Lojban (Roman) alphabet 1851 rei PA2 hex digit E digit/number: hex digit E (decimal 14) [fourteen] 1852 kisto kis Pakistani x1 reflects Pakistani/Pashto culture/nationality/language in aspect x2(cf. xurdo) 1853 viknu vik viscous x1 is thick/viscous under conditions x2(cf. denmi, snipa) 1854 dugri dug logarithm x1 is the logarithm of x2 with base x3(cf. tenfa) 1855 grake gra gram x1 is x2 gram(s) [metric unit] in mass (default is 1) by standard x3(cf. junta, kilto, bunda, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, litce, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro) 1856 lante can x1 is a can/tightly sealed/pre-sealed container for perishable contents x2, made of x3(cf. botpi, baktu, tinci) 1857 xruba xub buckwheat x1 is a quantity of buckwheat/rhubarb/sorrel grass of species/strain x2(cf. spati) 1858 sabnu cabin x1 is a cabin of vehicle x2(cf. bloti, marce, vinji, karce) 1859 vibna vib vagina x1 is a/the vagina [body-part] of x2(cf. cinse, gletu, pinji, plibu, vlagi, mabla) 1860 baxso Malay-Indonesian x1 reflects Malay-Indonesian common language/culture in aspect x2(cf. meljo, bindo) 1861 fe'a VUhU3 nth root of binary mathematical operator: nth root of; inverse power [a to the 1/b power] 1862 vikmi vim vi'i excrete x1 [body] excretes waste x2 from source x3 via means/route x4(cf. cigla, kalci, pinca, xasne) 1863 pa'i VUhU2 ratio binary mathematical operator: ratio; [the ratio of a to b] 1864 ji'o BAI under direction of jitro modal, 1st place (control) controlledly; under direction of ... 1865 vi'i VIhA 1-space interval dimensionality of space interval tense: 1-space interval; along a line 1866 jansu jas diplomat x1 is a diplomat/consul representing polity x2 in/at negotiation x3 for function/purpose x4[(for) x3 polity, (use tu'a); also ambassador (= raljansu, trujansu)]; (cf. jecta, krati) 1867 mi'i BIhI center-range non-logical interval connective: ordered components: ... center, ... range surrounding center 1868 gigdo gig gi'o 1E9 x1 is a billion [British milliard] [1x10**9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro) 1869 naxle nax xle canal x1 is a canal/channel to x2 from x3 with route x4[x2/x3 may be unordered]; (cf. pluta, rirxe, klaji, dargu) 1870 senta set layer x1 is a layer/stratum [shape/form] of x2 [material] within structure/continuum/composite x3(cf. flecu, nenri, rirxe, sepli, snuji, jbini, bitmu, sruri, serti) 1871 porto pot Portuguese x1 reflects Portuguese culture/nationality/language in aspect x2(cf. brazo) 1872 komcu kom comb x1 is a comb [many-needled shape] of material x2 with tines/needles x3(cf. julne, forca, burcu) 1873 xindo xin Hindi x1 reflects Hindi language/culture/religion in aspect x2[defaults to not include Urdu; Indian (Bharat) nationality may be implied (when constrained by xingu'e)]; (cf. srito, xurdo, bengo) 1874 do'i KOhA2 unspecif utterance pro-sumti: elliptical/unspecified utterance variable 1875 perli per pear x1 is a pear [fruit] of species/strain x2(cf. grute) 1876 slovo lov lo'o Slavic x1 reflects Slavic language/culture/ethos in aspect x2(cf. softo, rusko, vukro) 1877 jilka jil alkali x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali/base of composition including x2[(adjective:) x1 is alkaline]; (cf. sodna, bakri, sodva) 1878 milti mil .001 x1 is a thousandth [1/1000; 1x10**-3] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro) 1879 tarbi embryo x1 is an embryo/zygote/fetus/fertilized egg with mother x2, and father x3(cf. gutra, mamta, patfu, sovda, rorci, tsiju, grute) 1880 pi'u JOI cross product non-logical connective: cross product; Cartesian product of sets 1881 sadjo djo Saudi x1 reflects Saudi Arabian culture/nationality in aspect x2(cf. xrabo) 1882 navni neon x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of inert gas of type x2 [neon/argon/radon/xenon][default neon] (cf. xukmi, gapci) 1883 libjo lib Libyan x1 reflects Libyan culture/nationality in aspect x2(cf. friko, xrabo, muslo) 1884 pinca urine x1 is a/the urine/piss/pee of x2(cf. vikmi, xasne, kalci, mabla, festi) 1885 ckabu rubber x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of rubber/latex from source x2 of composition including x3(cf. pruni) 1886 samcu cassava x1 is a quantity of cassava/taro/manioc/tapioca/yam [edible starchy root] of species/strain x2(cf. patlu, genja, jalna) 1887 nanvi nav 1E-9 x1 is a billionth/thousand-millionth [1x10**-9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro) 1888 de'o VUhU3 logarithm binary mathematical operator: logarithm; [log/ln a to base b]; default base 10 or e 1889 romge rog chrome x1 is a highly reflective/polished non-tarnishing metallic surface, of metal x2 [often chromium] (cf. jinme) 1890 meljo mej Malaysian x1 reflects Malaysian/Malay culture/nationality/language in aspect x2(cf. baxso, bindo) 1891 brazo raz Brazilian x1 reflects Brazilian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2(cf. porto, ketco) 1892 vlagi lag vulva x1 is a/the vulva [body-part] of x2(cf. cinse, gletu, pinji, plibu, vibna, mabla) 1893 kijno kij oxygen x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of oxygen (O); [metaphor: supporting life/combustion](cf. jelca, vacri, vasxu) 1894 santa umbrella x1 is an umbrella/parasol shielding x2 from x3, made of material x4, supported by x5(cf. carvi, solri) 1895 rinci drain x1 liquid/fluid drains/strains/flushes from source x2 through drain/strainer x3 by force x4[x4 is usually gravity]; (cf. pambe, tisna, setca, flecu, muvdu, ganxo, rirxe) 1896 nikle nik nickel x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of nickel/other metal resistant to oxidation(cf. jinme) 1897 ce'i PA3 percent digit/number: % percentage symbol, hundredths 1898 gu'a GUhA fore tanru or logical connective: tanru-internal forethought or (with gi) 1899 sinso sine x1 is the trigonometric sine of angle/arcsine x2(cf. tanjo) 1900 vinji vij airplane x1 is an airplane/aircraft [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/cargo x2, propelled by x3(cf. vofli, sabnu) 1901 manfo uniform x1 (object/event) is uniform/homogeneous in property x2 (ka)(cf. prane, curve, ranji, vitno, stodi, dikni, sampu, traji) 1902 panlo pa'o slice x1 is a slice [thin flat portion] of x2 (mass)(cf. nanba) 1903 gapci gac gas x1 is gaseous/fumes/a gas/vapor of material/composition including x2, under conditions x3[x3 includes temperature and pressure]; (cf. pambe, vacri, litki, sligu, danmo, bumru, cidro, flecu) 1904 jordo jor jo'o Jordanian x1 reflects Jordanian culture/nationality in aspect x2(cf. filso) 1905 zinki zin zi'i zinc x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of zinc (Zn); [metaphor: hard metal](cf. jinme) 1906 jivbu weave x1 weaves x2 from material/[yarn] x3(cf. fenso, nivji) 1907 pi'a VUhU4 matrix of rows n-ary mathematical operator: operands are vectors to be treated as matrix rows 1908 zepti zep 1E-21 x1 is 1x10**-21 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zetro) 1909 fe'i VUhU1 divided by n-ary mathematical operator: divided by; division operator; [(((a / b) / c) / ...)] 1910 fei PA2 hex digit B digit/number: hex digit B (decimal 11) [eleven] 1911 dadjo daj Taoist x1 pertains to the Taoist culture/ethos/religion in aspect x2(cf. lijda, jegvo) 1912 sau BAI requiring sarcu modal, 1st place requiring ... 1913 sputu put pu'u spit x1 spits/expectorates x2 [predominantly liquid] from x3 to/onto x4[saliva/spit/sputum/spittle (= molselpu'u)]; (cf. jetce, kafke, vamtu) 1914 jau PA2 hex digit D digit/number: hex digit D (decimal 13) [thirteen] 1915 kliru chlorine x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of halogen of type x2 [chlorine, fluorine, iodine, etc.][also bromine; default chlorine] (cf. xukmi) 1916 binra insure x1 insures/indemnifies x2 (person) against peril x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (event)[also x3 loss; sell/purchase insurance (= binryve'u), premium (= binrydi'a, or binryvelve'u)]; (cf. bandu, cirko, betri, basti, bilma) 1917 centi cen .01 x1 is a hundredth [1/100; 1x10**-2] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro) 1918 famti aunt or uncle x1 is an aunt/uncle of x2 by bond/tie x3; x1 is an associated member of x2's parent's generation (cf. bruna, mamta, mensi, patfu, rirni, tamne) 1919 canti gut x1 is a/the gut(s)/entrails/intestines/viscera/innards/digestive system [body-part] of x2[metaphor: process hub]; (cf. betfu) 1920 pulni pulley x1 is a pulley [tool] for performing action/function x2 rotating on axle x3(cf. tutci, xislu, vraga) 1921 mo'e MOhE sumti to operand convert sumti to mex operand; sample use in story arithmetic: [3 apples] + [3 apples] = what 1922 sorgu sog sorghum x1 is a quantity of sorghum of species/strain x2(cf. gurni) 1923 karli collar x1 is a collar/ring/belt/band around/surrounding x2 made of material x3[also sphincter]; (cf. sruri, djine) 1924 pilka pil pi'a crust x1 is a crust/rind/peel/skin/hide/outer cover of x2(cf. grute, calku, skapi (pilka as a general term includes skapi), gacri) 1925 terto tet 1E12 x1 is a trillion [1x10**12] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro) 1926 vamtu vat vomit x1 vomits/regurgitates x2; x1 throws x2 up; [violent] digestive expulsion(x2 is non-gaseous); (cf. rigni, jetce, kafke, sputu) 1927 kobli kob ko'i cabbage x1 is a quantity of cabbage/lettuce/leafy vegetable of species/strain x2(cf. stagi) 1928 foi FOI end composite lerfu terminator: end composite lerfu; never elidable 1929 xasne sweat x1 is a/the sweat/perspiration from body x2, excreted by gland(s)/organs x3(cf. pinca, vikmi, cigla) 1930 randa rad yield x1 yields/gives way/surrenders to x2 (force/agent) under conditions x3(cf. jdari, renvi, ranti, se bapli) 1931 xagri reed x1 is a oboe/clarinet/saxophone [reed musical instrument] with reed x2(cf. zgike) 1932 zivle ziv vle invest x1 (agent) invests resources x2 in investment x3 expecting return/profit x4 (object(s)/event)[also ties up/[risks/gambles]; x1 is an investor; x2 are invested assets of x1; bond (= jertervle)]; (cf. prali, canja, jbera, dejni, ponse) 1933 korka kok cork x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of cork/bark from tree/species x2; [material](cf. tricu, calku, skapi, stagi) 1934 ta'u UI3a making a tanru discursive: making a tanru - expanding the tanru (cf. tanru) 1935 salta salad x1 (mass) is a quantity of salad [food] with ingredients/components including x2[x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1]; (cf. mixre, stasu) 1936 banxa bax bank x1 is a bank owned by/in banking system x2 for banking function(s) x3 (event)(cf. sorcu, zarci, canja, kagni) 1937 jinci shears x1 is a pair of shears/scissors for cutting x2(cf. katna) 1938 zumri zmu maize x1 is a quantity of maize/corn [grain] of species/strain x2(cf. gurni) 1939 gotro got 1E24 x1 is 1x10**24 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro) 1940 livga liver x1 is a/the liver [body-part] of x2(cf. rango, betfu) 1941 decti dec .1 x1 is a tenth [1/10; 1x10**-1] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro) 1942 picti pic 1E-12 x1 is a trillionth [1x10**-12] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro) 1943 latna lotus x1 is a lotus, plant/flower/herb of species/strain x2 symbolizing x3 to culture/religion x4(cf. budjo, censa, lijda, spati) 1944 macnu cnu manual x1 (event/action/process) is manual [not automatic] in function x2 under conditions x3(cf. zmiku, jitro) 1945 nukni nuk magenta x1 is magenta/fuchsia/purplish-red [color adjective](cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, xunre, zirpu) 1946 fo'u KOhA4 it-10 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #10 (specified by goi) 1947 gutra womb x1 is a/the womb/uterus [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: nourishing, protective, giving birth](cf. jbena, rorci, sovda, tarbi, ganti, mabla) 1948 re'e UI4 spiritual emotion category/modifier: religious/spiritual/worship - sacrilege (cf. lijda) 1949 jinku vaccine x1 is a vaccine/immune-system stimulant protecting x2 against disease x3 introduced by method x4 [also serum; inoculation (= jestu'u veljinku)] (cf. jurme, mikce, jesni, bilma) 1950 sanso sauce x1 is a sauce/topping/gravy/frosting for use with x2, containing ingredient(s) including x3[x3 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of sauce x1]; (cf. sanmi, mixre, stasu) 1951 labno wolf x1 is a wolf/lupine of species/breed x2(cf. gerku) 1952 dotco dot do'o German x1 reflects German/Germanic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2(cf. ropno) 1953 nu'a NUhA operator to selbri convert mathematical expression (mex) operator to a selbri/tanru component 1954 po'i BAI in the sequence porsi modal, 1st place (in order) sequentially; in the sequence ... 1955 .a'icu'i UI*1 no special effort attitudinal: effort - no special effort - repose 1956 zai LAU select alphabet 2-word letteral/shift: alternate alphabet selector follows 1957 soi SOI reciprocal sumti discursive: reciprocal sumti marker; indicates a reciprocal relationship between sumti 1958 cidro dro hydrogen x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of hydrogen (H); [metaphor: light, flammable](cf. gapci, xukmi) 1959 gai PA2 hex digit C digit/number: hex digit C (decimal 12) [twelve] 1960 pastu pas robe x1 is a robe/tunic/gown/cloak/dress/[coveralls] [a long/full body garment] of material x2[also coveralls (= paspalku)]; (cf. kosta, taxfu, palku) 1961 tau LAU shift next lerfu 2-word letteral/shift: change case for next letteral only 1962 rakso Iraqi x1 reflects Iraqi culture/nationality in aspect x2(cf. xrabo) 1963 mraji rye x1 is a quantity of rye [grain] of species/strain x2(cf. gurni) 1964 fa'i VUhU2 reciprocal of unary mathematical operator: reciprocal; multiplicative inverse; [1/a] 1965 ka'o PA5 imaginary i digit/number: imaginary i; square root of -1 1966 petso pet 1E15 x1 is 1x10**15 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro) 1967 kubli kub cube x1 is a cube/regular polyhedron/polygon of dimensions x2 (def. 3), surfaces/sides x3 (def. 6)(cf. kurfa - needed for 'cube', bliku for a physical object; tanbo, tapla, tarmi) 1968 se'e BY1 character code following digits code a character (in ASCII, Unicode, etc.) 1969 ce'a LAU font shift 2-word letteral/shift: the word following indicates a new font (e.g. italics, manuscript) 1970 zetro zet 1E21 x1 is 1x10**21 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti) 1971 cigla cig gland x1 is a/the gland [body-part] secreting x2, of body x3; x2 is a secretion of x1[secretion (= selcigla)]; (cf. vikmi, xasne) 1972 bi'e BIhE hi priority operator prefixed to a mex operator to indicate high priority 1973 ma'o MAhO operand to operator convert letteral string or other mathematical expression (mex) operand to mex operator 1974 la'i LA the set of named name descriptor: the set of those named ... ; takes name or selbri description 1975 junta weight x1 is the weight of object x2 in [gravitational or other force] field x3(cf. grake, linto, tilju, bunda) 1976 vu'u VUhU1 minus n-ary mathematical operator: minus; subtraction operator; [(((a - b) - c) - ...)] 1977 fe'o COI over and out vocative: over and out (end discussion) 1978 sraji raj vertical x1 is vertical/upright/erect/plumb/oriented straight up and down in reference frame/gravity x2(cf. sanli, pinta) 1979 clupa cup loop x1 is a loop/circuit of x2 [material][also noose (= skoclupa, saljgeclupa; there is no indication of shape, but merely that the ends join/meet); closed curve defined by set of points (= cuptai)]; (cf. djine) 1980 fu'u VUhU0 unspecif operator n-ary mathematical operator: elliptical/unspecified mathematical expression (mex) operator 1981 stero te'o steradian x1 is x2 steradian(s) [metric unit] in solid angle (default is 1) by standard x3(cf. centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro) 1982 gocti goc 1E-24 x1 is 1x10**-24 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro) 1983 gurni gru grain x1 is grain/[British: corn]/cereal from plant/species x2(cf. bavmi, cunmi, mavji, maxri, molki, mraji, rismi, sobde, spati, zumri, nanba, sorgu) 1984 jerxo jex Algerian x1 reflects Algerian culture/nationality in aspect x2(cf. friko, xrabo, muslo, fraso) 1985 vo'i KOhA4 x3 it pro-sumti: repeats 3rd place of main bridi of this sentence 1986 pa'u BAI having component pagbu modal, 1st place having component ... 1987 gusta restaurant x1 is a restaurant/cafe/diner serving type-of-food x2 to audience x3(cf. barja, citka, kukte, sanmi, xotli) 1988 fa'e BAI reverse of fatne modal, 1st place backwards; reverse of ... 1989 lanbi protein x1 is a quantity of protein/albumin of type x2 composed of amino acids (sequence/jo'u)(cf. ladru, sovda) 1990